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  • Abstract: Osteo* x
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Lizhi Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of Endocrinology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jinwei He Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Xiang Sun Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China

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Dongyue Pang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jingjing Hu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Bo Feng Department of Endocrinology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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We demonstrated previously that there is a correlation between glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Both GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide are incretins. The glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor (GIPR) SNP rs10423928 has been extensively studied. However, it is not clear whether GIPR gene mutations affect bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between rs10423928 and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Shanghai. rs10423928 was detected in 884 postmenopausal women in Shanghai, and the correlation between the GIPR SNP and bone mineral density was assessed. The dominant T/T genotype of rs10423928 was found to be related to the bone mineral density of the femoral neck (P = 0.035). Overall, our findings indicate that the dominant T/T genotype of rs10423928 in postmenopausal women is significantly associated with a higher bone mineral density and that the T/T genotype exerts a bone-protective effect.

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Martine Cohen-Solal Department of Skeletal Diseases, INSERM U1132 & Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

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Thomas Funck-Brentano Department of Skeletal Diseases, INSERM U1132 & Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

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Pablo Ureña Torres AURA Nord, Saint Ouen, France
Department of Renal Physiology, Necker Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France

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Mineral and bone diseases (MBD) are predominant in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and lead to several bone manifestations, from pain to skeletal fractures. Cumulative traditional clinical risk factors, such as age and gender, in addition to those related to CKD, enhance the risk of comorbidity and mortality related to fractures. Despite great advances in understanding MBD in CKD, clinical and biological targets are lacking, which leads to under-management of fractures. Optimal PTH control results in a net improvement in defining the levels of bone remodeling. In addition, circulating biomarkers such as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and cross-linked collagen type I peptide will also provide additional information about remodeling rate, bone mineralization and the evaluation of fracture risk. Imaging techniques identify patients at risk by measurement of bone mineral density by DEXA or by high peripheral QCT, which allow the discrimination of trabecular and cortical bone. Here, we have reviewed the literature related to epidemiology and the pathophysiological role of mineral and biochemical factors involved in CKD-MBD with a special focus on fracture risk. We also provide an algorithm that could be used for the management of bone diseases and to guide treatment decisions. Finally, the combined expertise of clinicians from various disciplines is crucial for the best prevention of fractures.

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Unni Syversen Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Department of Endocrinology, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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Mats Peder Mosti Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Medical Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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Ida Maria Mynarek Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

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Trude Seselie Jahr Vedal Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

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Kristin Aasarød Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Department of Gastroenterology, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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Trude Basso Department of Orthopedics, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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Janne E Reseland Department of Biomaterials, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

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Per Medbøe Thorsby Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Bjorn O Asvold Department of Endocrinology, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway

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Erik Fink Eriksen Department of Biomaterials, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

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Astrid Kamilla Stunes Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Medical Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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Objective

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with substantial fracture risk. Bone mineral density (BMD) is, however, only modestly reduced, suggesting impaired bone microarchitecture and/or bone material properties. Yet, the skeletal abnormalities have not been uncovered. Men with T1D seem to experience a more pronounced bone loss than their female counterparts. Hence, we aimed to examine different aspects of bone quality in men with T1D.

Design and Methods

In this cross-sectional study, men with T1D and healthy male controls were enrolled. BMD (femoral neck, total hip, lumbar spine, whole body) and spine trabecular bone score (TBS) were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry, and bone material strength index (BMSi) was measured by in vivo impact microindentation. HbA1c and bone turnover markers were analyzed.

Results

Altogether, 33 men with T1D (43 ± 12 years) and 28 healthy male controls (42 ± 12 years) were included. Subjects with T1D exhibited lower whole-body BMD than controls (P = 0.04). TBS and BMSi were attenuated in men with T1D vs controls (P = 0.016 and P = 0.004, respectively), and T1D subjects also had a lower bone turnover. The bone parameters did not differ between subjects with or without diabetic complications. Duration of disease correlated negatively with femoral neck BMD but not with TBS or BMSi.

Conclusions

This study revealed compromised bone material strength and microarchitecture in men with T1D. Moreover, our data confirm previous studies which found a modest decrease in BMD and low bone turnover in subjects with T1D. Accordingly, bone should be recognized as a target of diabetic complications.

Open access
Marlena Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland

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Fahim Ebrahimi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Emanuel Christ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Christian Andreas Nebiker Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland

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Philipp Schuetz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Beat Mueller Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexander Kutz Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland

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Background

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a prevalent endocrinopathy for which surgery is the only curative option. Parathyroidectomy is primarily recommended in younger and symptomatic patients, while there are still concerns regarding surgical complications in older patients. We therefore assessed the association of age with surgical outcomes in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy in a large population in Switzerland.

Methods

Population-based cohort study of adult patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy in Switzerland between 2012 and 2018. The cohort was divided into four age groups (<50 years, 50–64 years, 65–74 years, ≥75 years). The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, unplanned 30-day-readmission, and prolonged length of hospital stay.

Results

We studied 2642 patients with a median (IQR) age of 62 (53–71) years. Overall, 111 patients had complications including surgical re-intervention, hypocalcemia, and vocal cord paresis. As compared to <50 year-old patients, older patients had no increased risk for in-hospital complications after surgery (50–64 years: odds ratio (OR): 0.51 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.92); 65–74 years: OR: 0.72 (95% CI, 0.39 to 1.33); ≥75 years: OR: 1.03 (95% CI, 0.54 to 1.95), respectively. There was also no association of age and rates of ICU-admission and unplanned 30-day-readmission, but oldest patients had longer hospital stays (OR: 2.38 (95% CI, 1.57 to 3.60)).

Conclusion

≥50 year-old patients undergoing parathyroidectomy had comparable risk of in-hospital complications as compared with younger ones. These data support parathyroidectomy in even older patients with primary hyperparathyroidism as performed in clinical routine.

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Cheng Han Ng Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Yip Han Chin Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Marcus Hon Qin Tan Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Jun Xuan Ng Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Samantha Peiling Yang Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

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Jolene Jiayu Kiew Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

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Chin Meng Khoo Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

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Purpose:

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common condition affecting people of all ages and is mainly treated with parathyroidectomy. Cinacalcet has been widely used in secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, but the use of cinacalcet in PHPT is less clear.

Methods:

Searches were conducted in Medline and Embase for cinacalcet use in PHPT from induction to 10 April 2020. Articles and conferences abstracts describing the use of cinacalcet for PHPT in prospective or retrospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials restricted to English language only. We initially identified 1301 abstracts. Each article went extraction by two blinded authors on a structured proforma. Continuous outcomes were pooled with weight mean difference (WMD). Quality of included articles was assessed with Newcastle Ottwa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0.

Results:

Twenty-eight articles were included. Normalization rate of serum Ca levels was reported at 90% (CI: 0.82 to 0.96). Serum levels of Ca and PTH levels were significantly reduced (Ca, WMD: 1.647, CI: −1.922 to −1.371; PTH, WMD: −31.218, CI: −41.671 to −20.765) and phosphate levels significantly increased (WMD: 0.498, CI: 0.400 to 0.596) after cinacalcet therapy. The higher the baseline Ca levels, the greater Ca reduction with cinacalcet treatment. Age and gender did not modify the effect of cinacalcet on serum Ca levels.

Conclusion:

The results from the meta-analysis support the use of cinacalcet as an alternative or bridging therapy to treat hypercalcemia in people with PHPT.

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Sara Storvall Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Helena Leijon Department of Pathology and Huslab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Eeva Ryhänen Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Johanna Louhimo Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Caj Haglund Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Camilla Schalin-Jäntti Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Johanna Arola Department of Pathology and Huslab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Introduction

Parathyroid carcinoma represents a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Distinguishing carcinoma from the benign tumors underlying primary hyperparathyroidism remains challenging. The diagnostic criteria for parathyroid carcinoma are local and/or metastatic spreading. Atypical parathyroid adenomas share other histological features with carcinomas but lack invasive growth. Somatostatin receptors are commonly expressed in different neuroendocrine tumors, but whether this also holds for parathyroid tumors remains unknown.

Aim

Our aim is to examine the immunohistochemical expression of somatostatin receptor 1–5 in parathyroid typical adenomas, atypical adenomas and carcinomas.

Methods

We used a tissue microarray construct from a nationwide cohort of parathyroid carcinomas (n = 32), age- and gender-matched typical parathyroid adenomas (n = 72) and atypical parathyroid adenomas (n = 27) for immunohistochemistry of somatostatin receptor subtypes 1–5. We separately assessed cytoplasmic, membrane and nuclear expression and also investigated the associations with histological, biochemical and clinical characteristics.

Results

All parathyroid tumor subgroups expressed somatostatin receptors, although membrane expression appeared negligible. Except for somatostatin receptor 1, expression patterns differed between the three tumor types. Adenomas exhibited the weakest and carcinomas the strongest expression of somatostatin receptor 2, 3, 4 and 5. We observed the largest difference for cytoplasmic somatostatin receptor 5 expression.

Conclusions

Parathyroid adenomas, atypical adenomas and carcinomas all express somatostatin receptor subtypes 1–5. Somatostatin receptor 5 may serve as a potential tumor marker for malignancy. Studies exploring the role of somatostatin receptor imaging and receptor-specific therapies in patients with parathyroid carcinomas are needed.

Open access
I M A A van Roessel Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J E Gorter Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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B Bakker Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M H Lequin Department of Radiology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Radiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J van der Lugt Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands

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L Meijer Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands

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A Y N Schouten-van Meeteren Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands

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H M van Santen Department of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Objective

Children with a supratentorial midline low-grade glioma (LGG) may be at risk for impaired bone health due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, obesity, exposure to multiple treatment modalities, and/or decreased mobility. The presence of impaired bone health and/or its severity in this population has been understudied. We aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for bone problems in children with supratentorial midline LGG.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was performed in children with supratentorial midline (suprasellar or thalamic) LGG between 1 January 2003 and 1 January 2022, visiting the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology. Impaired bone health was defined as the presence of vertebral fractures and/or very low bone mineral density (BMD).

Results

In total, 161 children were included, with a median age at tumor diagnosis of 4.7 years (range: 0.1–17.9) and a median follow-up of 6.1 years (range: 0.1–19.9). Five patients (3.1%) had vertebral fractures. In 99 patients, BMD was assessed either by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (n = 12) or Bone Health Index (n = 95); 34 patients (34.3%) had a low BMD (≤ −2.0). Impaired visual capacity was associated with bone problems in multivariable analysis (OR: 6.63, 95% CI: 1.83–24.00, P = 0.004).

Conclusion

In this retrospective evaluation, decreased BMD was prevalent in 34.3% of children with supratentorial midline LGG. For the risk of developing bone problems, visual capacity seems highly relevant. Surveillance of bone health must be an aspect of awareness in the care and follow-up of children with a supratentorial midline LGG.

Significance statement

Patients with supratentorial midline LGG may encounter various risk factors for impaired bone health. Bone problems in survivors of childhood supratentorial midline LGG are, however, understudied. This is the first paper to address the prevalence of bone problems in this specific patient population, revealing visual problems as an important risk factor. Diencephalic syndrome historyand/or weight problems associated with hypothalamic dysfunction were related to bone problems in univariate analyses. The results of this study can be used in the development of guidelines to adequately screen and treat these patients to subsequently minimizing bone problems as one of the endocrine complications.

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Anouar Aznou Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Rick Meijer Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Daniel van Raalte Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Martin den Heijer Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Annemieke Heijboer Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Renate de Jongh Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Objective

The mechanisms underlying the development of peripheral insulin resistance are complex. Several studies have linked sclerostin, an osteocyte-derived inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, to obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) whether serum sclerostin is associated with insulin sensitivity in lean and/or obese women; and (2) whether hyperinsulinaemia affects serum sclerostin concentrations.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Methods

Insulin sensitivity was measured in lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) women using a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp. Serum sclerostin was measured at baseline and during the clamp procedure.

Results

We studied 21 lean and 22 obese women with a median age of 40 and 43 years and a median BMI of 22.4 and 33.5 kg/m2, respectively. Obese women had higher serum sclerostin than lean women (122 ± 33 vs 93 ± 33 nmol/L, P < 0.01). Higher serum sclerostin was associated with lower insulin sensitivity in obese, but not in lean individuals (difference in M-value between highest and lowest quartile: −7.02 mg/kg/min, P = 0.03 and 1.59 mg/kg/min, P = 0.50, respectively). Hyperinsulinaemia did not affect serum sclerostin in lean nor obese women (P > 0.5).

Conclusion

Serum sclerostin is negatively associated with insulin sensitivity as measured with the hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp in obese, but not lean women. This indicates a potential role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating insulin sensitivity particularly in obese individuals. Our findings remain hypothesis-generating and should be confirmed by additional studies.

Open access
Franca Genest Clinical Trial Unit, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Michael Schneider Clinical Trial Unit, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Andreas Zehnder Clinical Trial Unit, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Dominik Lieberoth-Leden Clinical Trial Unit, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Lothar Seefried Clinical Trial Unit, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

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Purpose

Aging and concurrent constitutional changes as sarcopenia, osteoporosis and obesity are associated with progressive functional decline. Coincidence and mutual interference of this risk factors require further evaluation.

Methods

Cross-sectional evaluation of musculoskeletal health in a community-dwelling cohort of men aged 65–90 years. Objectives included descriptive analysis of age-related decline in physical performance, prevalence of osteoporosis (FRAX-Score), sarcopenia (EWGSOP criteria) and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and their coincidence/interference.

Results

Based on 507 participants assessed, aging was associated with progressive functional deterioration, regarding power (chair rise test −1.54% per year), performance (usual gait speed −1.38% per year) and muscle force (grip strength −1.52% per year) while muscle mass declined only marginally (skeletal muscle index −0.29% per year). Prevalence of osteoporosis was 41.8% (n = 212) while only 22.9% (n = 116) of the participants met the criteria for sarcopenia and 23.7% (n = 120) were obese. Osteosarcopenia was found in n = 79 (15.6%), sarcopenic obesity was present in 14 men (2.8%). A combination of all three conditions could be confirmed in n = 8 (1.6%). There was an inverse correlation of BMI with physical performance whereas osteoporosis and sarcopenia did not interfere with functional outcomes.

Conclusion

Based on current definitions, there is considerable overlap in the prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, while obesity appears to be a distinct problem. Functional decline appears to be associated with obesity rather than osteoporosis or sarcopenia. It remains to be determined to what extend obesity itself causes performance deficits or if obesity is merely an indicator of insufficient activity eventually predisposing to functional decline.

Open access
Lijuan Yuan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for DNA Typing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

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Xihui Chen Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for DNA Typing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

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Ziyu Liu Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

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Dan Wu Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for DNA Typing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

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Jianguo Lu Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

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Guoqiang Bao Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

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Sijia Zhang Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for DNA Typing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

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Lifeng Wang Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

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Yuanming Wu Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for DNA Typing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

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Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare familial disorder with reduced penetrance for females. The genetic mutations associated with PHO have been identified in HPGD and SLCO2A1, which involved in prostaglandin E2 metabolism. Here, we report 5 PHO patients from four non-consanguineous families. Two heterozygous mutations in solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1) were identified in two brothers by whole-exome sequencing. Three heterozygous mutations and one homozygous mutation were identified in other three PHO families by Sanger sequencing. However, there was no mutation in HPGD. These findings confirmed that homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of SLCO2A1 were the pathogenic cause of PHO. A female individual shared the same mutations in SLCO2A1 with her PHO brother but did not have any typical PHO symptoms. The influence of sex hormones on the pathogenesis of PHO and its implication were discussed.

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