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You are looking at 31 - 40 of 239 items for

  • Abstract: adrenarche x
  • Abstract: amenorrhoea x
  • Abstract: fertility x
  • Abstract: Gender x
  • Abstract: Hypogonadism x
  • Abstract: infertility x
  • Abstract: Klinefelter x
  • Abstract: menarche x
  • Abstract: menopause x
  • Abstract: transsexual x
  • Abstract: Turner x
  • Abstract: sperm* x
  • Abstract: ovary x
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Signe Kirkegaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Nanna Maria Uldall Torp Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are common gynecological disorders that constitute a significant burden of disease in women of fertile age. The disorders share a link to female reproduction and infertility; however, divergent effects on menstrual cycle, related hormones, and body composition have been proposed. Disorders of the thyroid gland including abnormal thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) and/or markers of thyroid autoimmunity similarly show a female predominance and onset in younger age groups. We reviewed the literature on the association between endometriosis, PCOS, and thyroid disease up until July 1, 2023, and identified 8 original studies on endometriosis and thyroid disease and 30 original studies on PCOS and thyroid disease. The studies were observational and heterogeneous regarding the design, sample size, and definitions of exposure and outcome; however, a tendency was seen toward an association between hyperthyroidism and endometriosis. Especially an association between endometriosis and slightly elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies has been found and corroborated in studies from different populations. On the other hand, the literature review turned a focus toward an association between hypothyroidism and PCOS, however, with uncertainties as to whether the association is caused by hypothyroidism per se and/or the thyroid autoantibodies (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies). More evidence is needed to substantiate an association between endometriosis, PCOS, and thyroid disease, and to differentiate between the role of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. Furthermore, studies are warranted to extend knowledge on the different disease characteristics and underlying mechanisms.

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Neil R Chappell Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

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Beth Zhou Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

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Amy K Schutt Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

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William E Gibbons Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

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Chellakkan S Blesson Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common ovulatory defect in women. Although most PCOS patients are obese, a subset of PCOS women are lean but show similar risks for adverse fertility outcomes. A lean PCOS mouse model was created using prenatal androgen administration. This developmentally programmed mouse model was used for this study. Our objective was to investigate if mitochondrial structure and functions were compromised in oocytes obtained from lean PCOS mouse. The lean PCOS mouse model was validated by performing glucose tolerance test, HbA1c levels, body weight and estrous cycle analyses. Oocytes were isolated and were used to investigate inner mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, ATP production, mtDNA copy number, transcript abundance and electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that lean PCOS mice have similar weight to that of the controls but exhibit glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia along with dysregulated estrus cycle. Analysis of their oocytes show impaired inner mitochondrial membrane function, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased RNA transcript abundance. Electron microscopy of the oocytes showed impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure. In conclusion, the lean PCOS mouse model shows a decreased oocyte quality related to impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure and function.

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Valentina Guarnotta Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Silvia Lucchese Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Mariagrazia Irene Mineo Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Donatella Mangione Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Renato Venezia Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Piero Luigi Almasio Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Carla Giordano Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Objective

The aim of this study is to clarify, in girls with premature pubarche (PP), the influence of premature androgenization on the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design and patients

Ninety-nine PP girls, 63 who developed PCOS and 36 who did not develop PCOS, were retrospectively included. Clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters were evaluated at the time of diagnosis of PP and after 10 years from menarche to find predictive factors of PCOS.

Results

Young females with PP showed a PCOS prevalence of 64% and showed a higher prevalence of familial history of diabetes (P = 0.004) and a lower prevalence of underweight (P = 0.025) than PP-NO-PCOS. In addition, girls with PP-PCOS showed higher BMI (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), total testosterone (P = 0.026), visceral adiposity index (VAI) (P = 0.013), total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), non-HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001) and lower age of menarche (P = 0.015), ISI-Matsuda (P < 0.001), DIo (P = 0.002), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.026) than PP-NO-PCOS. Multivariate analysis showed that WC (P = 0.049), ISI-Matsuda (P < 0.001), oral disposition index (DIo) (P < 0.001), VAI (P < 0.001), total testosterone (P < 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) are independent predictive factors for PCOS in girls with PP.

Conclusions

Our study established a strong association between multiple risk factors and development of PCOS in PP girls. These risk factors are predominantly related to the regulation of glucose, lipid, and androgen metabolism. Among these factors, WC, ISI-Matsuda, DIo, VAI, total testosterone, and LDL-cholesterol predict PCOS.

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M von Wolff Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women’s Hospital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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C T Nakas University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Laboratory of Biometry, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

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M Tobler Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women’s Hospital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Division of Pneumology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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T M Merz Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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M P Hilty Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland

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J D Veldhuis Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Centre for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA

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A R Huber Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital, Aarau, Switzerland

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J Pichler Hefti Division of Pneumology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Humans cannot live at very high altitude for reasons, which are not completely understood. Since these reasons are not restricted to cardiorespiratory changes alone, changes in the endocrine system might also be involved. Therefore, hormonal changes during prolonged hypobaric hypoxia were comprehensively assessed to determine effects of altitude and hypoxia on stress, thyroid and gonadal hypothalamus–pituitary hormone axes. Twenty-one male and 19 female participants were examined repetitively during a high-altitude expedition. Cortisol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), fT4 and fT3 and in males follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and total testosterone were analysed as well as parameters of hypoxemia, such as SaO2 and paO2 at 550 m (baseline) (n = 40), during ascent at 4844 m (n = 38), 6022 m (n = 31) and 7050 m (n = 13), at 4844 m (n = 29) after acclimatization and after the expedition (n = 38). Correlation analysis of hormone concentrations with oxygen parameters and with altitude revealed statistical association in most cases only with altitude. Adrenal, thyroid and gonadal axes were affected by increasing altitude. Adrenal axis and prolactin were first supressed at 4844 m and then activated with increasing altitude; thyroid and gonadal axes were directly activated or suppressed respectively with increasing altitude. Acclimatisation at 4844 m led to normalization of adrenal and gonadal but not of thyroid axes. In conclusion, acclimatization partly leads to a normalization of the adrenal, thyroid and gonadal axes at around 5000 m. However, at higher altitude, endocrine dysregulation is pronounced and might contribute to the physical degradation found at high altitude.

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M Boering Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands

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P R van Dijk Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Isala, Department of Internal Medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands

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S J J Logtenberg Diakonessenhuis, Department of Internal Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Langerhans Medical Research group, Zwolle, The Netherlands

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K H Groenier Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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B H R Wolffenbuttel Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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R O B Gans Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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N Kleefstra Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Langerhans Medical Research group, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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H J G Bilo Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Isala, Department of Internal Medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Aims

Elevated sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations have been described in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), probably due to low portal insulin concentrations. We aimed to investigate whether the route of insulin administration, continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion (CIPII), or subcutaneous (SC), influences SHBG concentrations among T1DM patients.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of SHBG in samples derived from a randomized, open-labeled crossover trial was carried out in 20 T1DM patients: 50% males, mean age 43 (±13) years, diabetes duration 23 (±11) years, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 8.7 (±1.1) (72 (±12) mmol/mol). As secondary outcomes, testosterone, 17-β-estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were analyzed.

Results

Estimated mean change in SHBG was −10.3nmol/L (95% CI: −17.4, −3.2) during CIPII and 3.7nmol/L (95% CI: −12.0, 4.6) during SC insulin treatment. Taking the effect of treatment order into account, the difference in SHBG between therapies was −6.6nmol/L (95% CI: −17.5, 4.3); −12.7nmol/L (95% CI: −25.1, −0.4) for males and −1.7nmol/L (95% CI: −24.6, 21.1) for females, respectively. Among males, SHBG and testosterone concentrations changed significantly during CIPII; −15.8nmol/L (95% CI: −24.2, −7.5) and −8.3nmol/L (95% CI: −14.4, −2.2), respectively. The difference between CIPII and SC insulin treatment was also significant for change in FSH 1.2U/L (95% CI: 0.1, 2.2) among males.

Conclusions

SHBG concentrations decreased significantly during CIPII treatment. Moreover, the difference in change between CIPII and SC insulin therapy was significant for SHBG and FSH among males. These findings support the hypothesis that portal insulin administration influences circulating SHBG and sex steroids.

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Liza Haqq School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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James McFarlane School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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Gudrun Dieberg School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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Neil Smart School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects 18–22% of women at reproductive age. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the expected benefits of lifestyle (exercise plus diet) interventions on the reproductive endocrine profile in women with PCOS. Potential studies were identified by systematically searching PubMed, CINAHL and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry (1966–April 30, 2013) systematically using key concepts of PCOS. Significant improvements were seen in women receiving lifestyle intervention vs usual care in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, mean difference (MD) 0.39 IU/l (95% CI 0.09 to 0.70, P=0.01), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, MD 2.37 nmol/l (95% CI 1.27 to 3.47, P<0.0001), total testosterone levels, MD −0.13 nmol/l (95% CI −0.22 to −0.03, P=0.008), androstenedione levels, MD −0.09 ng/dl (95% CI −0.15 to −0.03, P=0.005), free androgen index (FAI) levels, MD −1.64 (95% CI −2.94 to −0.35, P=0.01) and Ferriman–Gallwey (FG) score, MD −1.01 (95% CI −1.54 to −0.48, P=0.0002). Significant improvements were also observed in women who received exercise-alone intervention vs usual care in FSH levels, MD 0.42 IU/l (95% CI 0.11 to 0.73, P=0.009), SHBG levels, MD 3.42 nmol/l (95% CI 0.11 to 6.73, P=0.04), total testosterone levels, MD −0.16 nmol/l (95% CI −0.29 to −0.04, P=0.01), androstenedione levels, MD −0.09 ng/dl (95% CI −0.16 to −0.03, P=0.004) and FG score, MD −1.13 (95% CI −1.88 to −0.38, P=0.003). Our analyses suggest that lifestyle (diet and exercise) intervention improves levels of FSH, SHBG, total testosterone, androstenedione and FAI, and FG score in women with PCOS.

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Tao Mei Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Jianhe Zhang Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Liangfeng Wei Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Xingfeng Qi Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Yiming Ma Department of Neurosurgery, Liuzhou General Hospital, Liuzhou, China

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Xianhua Liu Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Shaohua Chen Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China

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Songyuan Li Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Jianwu Wu Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Shousen Wang Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Tumor cells require large amounts of energy to sustain growth. Through the mediated transport of glucose transporters, the uptake and utilization of glucose by tumor cells are significantly enhanced in the hypoxic microenvironment. Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors with high-energy metabolisms. We aimed to investigate the role of expression of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in pituitary adenomas, including effects on size, cystic change and hormone type. Pituitary adenomas from 203 patients were collected from January 2013 to April 2017, and immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression of GLUT3 and GLUT1 in tumor specimens. GLUT3-positive expression in the cystic change group was higher than that in the non-cystic change group (P = 0.018). Proportions of GLUT3-positive staining of microadenomas, macroadenomas, and giant adenomas were 22.7 (5/22), 50.4 (66/131) and 54.0% (27/50), respectively (P = 0.022). In cases of prolactin adenoma, GLUT3-positive staining was predominant in cell membranes (P = 0.000006), while in cases of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteotropic hormone adenoma, we found mainly paranuclear dot-like GLUT3 staining (P = 0.025). In other hormonal adenomas, GLUT3 was only partially expressed, and the intensity of cell membrane or paranuclear punctate staining was weak. In contrast to GLUT3, GLUT1 expression was not associated with pituitary adenomas. Thus, our results indicate that the expression of GLUT3 in pituitary adenomas is closely related to cystic change and hormonal type. This study is the first to report a unique paranuclear dot-like GLUT3 staining pattern in pituitary adenomas.

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Nathalia G B P Ferreira Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Joao L O Madeira Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Peter Gergics Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Renata Kertsz Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Juliana M Marques Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Nicholas S S Trigueiro Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Anna Flavia Figueredo Benedetti University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Human Genetics, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

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Bruna V Azevedo Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Bianca H V Fernandes Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
Universidade de São Paulo, Zebrafish Facility, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Debora D Bissegatto Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Isabela P Biscotto Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Qing Fang Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Qianyi Ma Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Asye B Ozel Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Jun Li Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Sally A Camper Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Alexander A L Jorge Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Berenice B Mendonça Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Ivo J P Arnhold Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Luciani R Carvalho Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

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Context

Congenital hypopituitarism is a genetically heterogeneous condition. Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a promising approach for molecular diagnosis of patients with this condition.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to conduct WES in a patient with congenital hypopituitarism born to consanguineous parents, CDH2 screening in a cohort of patients with congenital hypopituitarism, and functional testing of a novel CDH2 variant.

Design

Genomic DNA from a proband and her consanguineous parents was analyzed by WES. Copy number variants were evaluated. The genetic variants were filtered for population frequency (ExAC, 1000 genomes, gnomAD, and ABraOM), in silico prediction of pathogenicity, and gene expression in the pituitary and/or hypothalamus. Genomic DNA from 145 patients was screened for CDH2 by Sanger sequencing.

Results

One female patient with deficiencies in growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and ectopic posterior pituitary gland contained a rare homozygous c.865G>A (p.Val289Ile) variant in CDH2. To determine whether the p.Val289Ile variant in CDH2 affects cell adhesion properties, we stably transfected L1 fibroblast lines, labeled the cells with lipophilic dyes, and quantified aggregation. Large aggregates formed in cells expressing wildtype CDH2, but aggregation was impaired in cells transfected with variant CDH2 or non-transfected.

Conclusion

A homozygous CDH2 allelic variant was found in one hypopituitarism patient, and the variant impaired cell aggregation function in vitro. No disease-causing variants were found in 145 other patients screened for CDH2 variants. Thus, CDH2 is a candidate gene for hypopituitarism that needs to be tested in different populations.

Significance statement

A female patient with hypopituitarism was born from consanguineous parents and had a homozygous, likely pathogenic, CDH2 variant that impairs cell aggregation in vitro. No other likely pathogenic variants in CDH2 were identified in 145 hypopituitarism patients.

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Eleftherios E Deiktakis Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

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Eleftheria Ieronymaki Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

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Peter Zarén Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Agnes Hagsund Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Elin Wirestrand Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Johan Malm Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Christos Tsatsanis Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

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Ilpo T Huhtaniemi Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UK

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Aleksander Giwercman Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Malmö University Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Malmö, Sweden

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Yvonne Lundberg Giwercman Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Objective

During androgen ablation in prostate cancer by the standard gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment, only luteinizing hormone (LH) is permanently suppressed while circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) rebounds. We explored direct prostatic effects of add-back FSH, after androgen ablation with GnRH antagonist, permanently suppressing both gonadotropins.

Methods

The effects of recombinant human (rFSH) were examined in mice treated with vehicle (controls), GnRH antagonist degarelix (dgx), dgx + rFSH, dgx + flutamide, or dgx + rFSH + flutamide for 4 weeks. Prostates and testes size and expression of prostate-specific and/or androgen-responsive genes were measured. Additionally, 33 young men underwent dgx-treatment. Seventeen were supplemented with rFSH (weeks 1–5), and all with testosterone (weeks 4–5). Testosterone, gondotropins, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and inhibin B were measured.

Results

In dgx and dgx + flutamide treated mice, prostate weight/body weight was 91% lower than in controls, but 41 and 11%, respectively, was regained by rFSH treatment (P = 0.02). The levels of seminal vesicle secretion 6, Pbsn, Nkx3.1, beta-microseminoprotein, and inhibin b were elevated in dgx + rFSH-treated animals compared with only dgx treated (all P < 0.05). In men, serum inhibin B rose after dgx treatment but was subsequently suppressed by testosterone. rFSH add-back had no effect on PSA levels.

Conclusions

These data provide novel evidence for the direct effects of FSH on prostate size and gene expression in chemically castrated mice. However, in chemically castrated men, FSH had no effect on PSA production. Whether FSH effects on the prostate in humans also require suppression of the residual adrenal-derived androgens and/or a longer period of rFSH stimulation, remains to be explored.

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Yanling Cai Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China

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Yan Yang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China

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Xiao Pang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China

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Suping Li Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China

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Purpose

The aim was to investigate the effect of radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) on male gonadal function.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, OVID, Scopus, and Wanfang databases were searched up to June 10, 2022, to identify published studies related to RAI and male gonadal function. ReviewManager version 5.4.1 software was used to calculate mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs.

Results

Initially, 1958 articles were retrieved from the databases, and 6 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increased when the follow-up duration was ≥12 months after RAI, but the difference was not statistically significant (MD = −2.64, 95% CI = (−5.61, 0.33), P = 0.08). But the results of the subgroup analysis showed that when the follow-up time was ≤6 months, FSH levels were significantly higher after RAI (MD = −7.65, 95% CI = (−13.95, −1.34), P = 0.02). The level of inhibin B was significantly lower at ≥12 months and ≤6 months after RAI (MD = 66.38, 95% CI = (8.39, 124.37), P = 0.02) and (MD = 116.27, 95% CI = (43.56, 188.98), P = 0.002). Additionally, luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone have similar results – that is, LH and testosterone levels were higher after RAI, but the difference was not statistically significant (MD = –0.87, 95% CI = (−2.04, 0.30), P = 0.15) and (MD = −1.69, 95% CI (−7.29, 3.90), P = 0.55).

Conclusions

Male gonadal function may be temporarily impaired within 6 months after RAI but may return to normal levels afterward.

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