insulin resistance (7) . In some studies, under-nutrition in utero has been associated with increased catch-up growth in childhood, increased relative percent body fat, and obesity (8, 9, 10, 11) . It is known that the development of type 2 diabetes
Anna Kistner, Mireille Vanpée, and Kerstin Hall
Hichem Bouguerra, Gorrab Amal, Stephan Clavel, Hamouda Boussen, Jean-François Louet, and Asma Gati
NK92 lysis To provide further evidence for the role of PGC1A in tumor development, we explore the possible relationship between PGC1A with tumor aggressiveness of BC cells. PGC1A gene expression was assessed in two basal cell lines with a high
Yael Sofer, Nava Nevo, Michal Vechoropoulos, Gabi Shefer, Etty Osher, Nathan Landis, Karen Tordjman, Geoffrey L Hammond, and Naftali Stern
levels and HbA1c ( 11 , 13 ). Hypoandrogenism in men and hyperandrogenism in women (e.g., the polycystic ovary syndrome) have been linked to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome ( 13 , 14 ). In one report, SHBG levels predicted the development
Rui-yi Tang, Rong Chen, Miao Ma, Shou-qing Lin, Yi-wen Zhang, and Ya-ping Wang
). Cases of KS account for approximately 40–60% of all IHH cases ( 3 , 4 ). IHH negatively affects patients’ sexual, bone and metabolic health, as well as their psychological development ( 5 , 6 ). Thus, a precise early diagnosis and timely treatment
Hongyan Wang, Bin Wu, Zichuan Yao, Xianqing Zhu, Yunzhong Jiang, and Song Bai
University in Shengyang, China, 14 January 2019. Informed consent from all eligible patients was obtained. The clinical research registry UIN is ChiCTR1900020811. The development cohort of this study consisted of 262 patients who underwent pheochromocytoma
Raymond J Rodgers, Jodie C Avery, Vivienne M Moore, Michael J Davies, Ricardo Azziz, Elisabet Stener-Victorin, Lisa J Moran, Sarah A Robertson, Nigel K Stepto, Robert J Norman, and Helena J Teede
contribution to the development of DM2. Declaration of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of this review. Funding This work did not receive any specific
Charlotte Höybye, Andreas F H Pfeiffer, Diego Ferone, Jens Sandahl Christiansen, David Gilfoyle, Eva Dam Christoffersen, Eva Mortensen, Jonathan A Leff, and Michael Beckert
facilitate GH’s many functions, any GH replacement product should be able to reach GH receptors. Currently, a variety of long-acting GH therapies are in development. Most are chemically modified proteins that often extend GH’s half-life by molecular
Manon Engels, Paul N Span, Rod T Mitchell, Joop J T M Heuvel, Monica A Marijnissen-van Zanten, Antonius E van Herwaarden, Christina A Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, Egbert Oosterwijk, Nike M Stikkelbroeck, Lee B Smith, Fred C G J Sweep, and Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten
literature ( 14 , 15 ). GATA transcription factors are involved in development (by regulating cell fate specification) and differentiation in all eukaryotic organisms. These factors are able to bind to a consensus DNA element, WGATAR, known as the GATA
Renata C Scalco, Ericka B Trarbach, Edoarda V A Albuquerque, Thais K Homma, Thais H Inoue-Lima, Mirian Y Nishi, Berenice B Mendonca, and Alexander A L Jorge
peak bone mass and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics ( 1 ). However, individual outcomes of estrogen treatment are highly variable among these patients. For instance, uterine development descriptions range from lower than average
Jiayang Lin, Peizhen Zhang, Yan Huang, Xueyun Wei, Dan Guo, Jianfang Liu, Deying Liu, Yajuan Deng, Bingyan Xu, Chensihan Huang, Xiaoyu Yang, Yan Lu, Lijing Jia, and Huijie Zhang
Introduction Thyroid hormones are essential for both normal development and metabolism. These actions are mediated through its two receptor isoforms, thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) and thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) ( 1 ). Thyroid hormone
