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role of both overt and non-overt hypercortisolism in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, much less is known about the CV effects of cortisol concentrations within the physiological range. While some studies have shown a link

Introduction The measurement of salivary cortisol has emerged as a first-line test in the evaluation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in humans and, in particular, for the diagnosis of endogenous hypercortisolism (Cushing

Introduction The 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is a common initial test for endogenous Cushing's syndrome (1) . The principle of the test is that dexamethasone will suppress ACTH and cortisol secretion in healthy individuals

, prolactin and cortisol ( 15 , 16 , 17 ). The stimulation of the HPA axis by ghrelin is exerted predominantly at the hypothalamic level ( 18 ) through vasopressin stimulation ( 19 ) and indirect activation of CRH neurons ( 20 , 21 ). Direct effects of

that it may be useful as an immuno-neuroendocrine probe of adrenal function ( 5 ). Nonetheless, virtually all studies were uncontrolled and performed in patients with advanced cancer, in whom cortisol responses differ from those of healthy men ( 5 ). In

inferences. Nonetheless, multivariate analysis also is unreliable in small cohorts ( 19 , 20 ). In addition, given the large concentration difference across the 24-h cycle and the marked pulsatility of cortisol, studies using a single sample, or a few blood

with T1D was 35%, almost twice as high as in the non-diabetic population ( 2 ). Several factors might contribute to the development of hypertension, such as increased cortisol secretion ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ), obesity ( 8 , 9 ), physical

patients treated with mitotane (9) . Patients with Cushing's syndrome receiving mitotane have shown decrease in the adrenal cortisol secretion rate over time but a faster clinical benefit, suggesting that cortisol bioavailability is also diminished (10

mortality ratio between 2.0 and 4.0 ( 2 ). Because of these clinical consequences, CS requires a prompt and definitive resolution since the duration of exposure to cortisol excess is a factor portending a worse prognosis ( 3 ). Surgery is the mainstay of

cortisol leads to Cushing’s syndrome, which exhibits metabolic features similar to metabolic syndrome ( 2 ). Accordingly, previous cross-sectional studies suggest that circulating cortisol concentrations are associated with metabolic syndrome, its