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Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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in disease progression. Studies have reported association of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in men hospitalized with COVID-19 with severely suppressed concentrations of testosterone and increased concentrations of estradiol with a
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incomplete pubertal development by the age of 17 years in females and 18 years in males; (ii) serum testosterone levels of <1.0 ng/mL in males or serum estradiol levels of <20 pg/mL in females with low or normal levels of gonadotropin; (iii) normalcy in other
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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pubertal development during adolescence and help prevent the negative consequences of low testosterone or estrogen levels such as fatigue, decreased muscle strength and decreased bone density later in life ( 45 ). Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is
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Korean references ( 21 ). Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured with IRMA (Byk-Sangtec Diagnostica, Hessen, Germany), while estradiol and testosterone levels were measured by RIA (Coat-A-Count, Diagnostic
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the diagnostic threshold varies by the GH assays used and region ( 37 ). Within the peripubertal years, due to the physiological reduction of GH secretion, the use of primed (estrogens/testosterone) GH provocative tests to reduce false-positive results
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Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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-stimulating hormone (FSH), leuteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, and testosterone. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test was performed in 270 girls (64 in 2019 and 206 in 2020) and 15 boys (6 in 2019 and 9 in 2020), by the i.v. administration of GnRH
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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below the reference range with insufficiently elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone. In men, central hypogonadism was diagnosed if testosterone was low in conjunction with normal or low luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In
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. Gonadotropin insufficiency was defined, in men, by a low morning testosterone level on two separate occasions along with low or low normal LH and FSH; in premenopausal women, by oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea and low estrogen levels along with low or low normal
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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–61) 54 (40–56) Time from irradiation to GH treatment, years Median (range) 2.6 (0.5–7.9) 5.6 (1.2–7.9) a Includes estrogen and testosterone. GH, growth hormone; ITT, insulin tolerance test. Endocrinopathies