T2DM are still necessary to copy with the epidemic of T2DM. There is evidence to indicate that endogenous sex hormones play a vital role in the pathogenesis of T2DM ( 4 ). Some studies proposed that testosterone was possibly linked with T2DM risk
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Qiu-ming Yao, Bin Wang, Xiao-fei An, Jin-an Zhang, and Liumei Ding
Jin Kyu Oh, Young Jae Im, Kwanjin Park, and Jae-Seung Paick
, albeit with no hypospadias, as indicated by normal morphology of the urethral meatus at the tip of the glans penis. Micropenis is commonly associated with testosterone deficiencies from 12 weeks of gestation, with normal placental human chorionic
Mélanie Rouleau, Francis Lemire, Michel Déry, Benoît Thériault, Gabriel Dubois, Yves Fradet, Paul Toren, Chantal Guillemette, Louis Lacombe, Laurence Klotz, Fred Saad, Dominique Guérette, and Frédéric Pouliot
Introduction Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used to treat recurrent and advanced PCa ( 1 , 2 ). ADT blocks the testicular production of androgens thus inhibiting PCa cell growth ( 3 ). Serum testosterone levels are a prognostic factor
Lawrence D Hayes, Peter Herbert, Nicholas F Sculthorpe, and Fergal M Grace
Introduction Testosterone is a sex steroid hormone with profound influence on various tissues ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). The precipitous decline in systemic testosterone with age is well described ( 4 ). Additionally, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG
Christian Høst, Anders Bojesen, Mogens Erlandsen, Kristian A Groth, Kurt Kristensen, Anne Grethe Jurik, Niels H Birkebæk, and Claus H Gravholt
, with increased fasting insulin levels ( 8 ). At the same time cross-sectional studies have shown an inverse relationship between plasma testosterone and insulin resistance in normal males ( 9 ). We previously found that the increased occurrence of
Nandini Shankara Narayana, Lam P Ly, Veena Jayadev, Carolyn Fennell, Sasha Savkovic, Ann J Conway, and David J Handelsman
Introduction Since the discovery and first clinical use of testosterone in the 1930s, its minimal oral bioavailability has led to administration via every non-oral route to circumvent rapid gut and liver metabolism ( 1 ). Since the 1950s, the
P Herbert, LD Hayes, NF Sculthorpe, and FM Grace
Introduction Peak muscle power is an important determinant of athletic performance across the lifespan that declines with age ( 1 ) and is accompanied by a precipitous decline in serum testosterone ( 2 ). Both present a noteworthy impediment
Mette Bøgehave, Dorte Glintborg, Jørgen Brodersen Gram, Else-Marie Bladbjerg, Marianne Skovsager Andersen, and Johannes Jakobsen Sidelmann
Introduction Opioid medications are widely used to treat chronic non-cancer pain ( 1 ). Male hypogonadism, characterized by low concentrations of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), is one of the most well-described hormonal adverse
Kristin Ottarsdottir, Anna G Nilsson, Margareta Hellgren, Ulf Lindblad, and Bledar Daka
Introduction Testosterone plays a key role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in men ( 1 ) and women ( 2 ) although in different manners. Low concentrations of testosterone in men are associated with obesity ( 3 ), the metabolic
Anna C van der Burgh, Samer R Khan, Sebastian J C M M Neggers, Ewout J Hoorn, and Layal Chaker
is testosterone. However, literature regarding the effects of testosterone on the kidney has shown conflicting results. On the one hand, it is suggested that testosterone has harmful effects on the kidney, such as glomerular and tubular damage, kidney
