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T2DM are still necessary to copy with the epidemic of T2DM. There is evidence to indicate that endogenous sex hormones play a vital role in the pathogenesis of T2DM ( 4 ). Some studies proposed that testosterone was possibly linked with T2DM risk
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, albeit with no hypospadias, as indicated by normal morphology of the urethral meatus at the tip of the glans penis. Micropenis is commonly associated with testosterone deficiencies from 12 weeks of gestation, with normal placental human chorionic
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Introduction Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used to treat recurrent and advanced PCa ( 1 , 2 ). ADT blocks the testicular production of androgens thus inhibiting PCa cell growth ( 3 ). Serum testosterone levels are a prognostic factor
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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, however, can result in many adverse effects including pubertal delay. Recent work at our centre has shown that incremental monthly testosterone injections can induce puberty in adolescents with DMD and delayed puberty ( 3 ). The 2-year testosterone regimen
Department of Performance and Image-enhancing Drugs Research, Android Health Clinic, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands
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Department of Performance and Image-enhancing Drugs Research, Android Health Clinic, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Introduction Testosterone therapy (TTh) is prescribed to hypogonadal men to correct testosterone levels and alleviate symptoms that result from its deficiency. Benefits include improved sexual function and quality of life ( 1 ), improvements
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Introduction Testosterone is a sex steroid hormone with profound influence on various tissues ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). The precipitous decline in systemic testosterone with age is well described ( 4 ). Additionally, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG
Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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, with increased fasting insulin levels ( 8 ). At the same time cross-sectional studies have shown an inverse relationship between plasma testosterone and insulin resistance in normal males ( 9 ). We previously found that the increased occurrence of
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Introduction Since the discovery and first clinical use of testosterone in the 1930s, its minimal oral bioavailability has led to administration via every non-oral route to circumvent rapid gut and liver metabolism ( 1 ). Since the 1950s, the
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Introduction Peak muscle power is an important determinant of athletic performance across the lifespan that declines with age ( 1 ) and is accompanied by a precipitous decline in serum testosterone ( 2 ). Both present a noteworthy impediment
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
OPEN, Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Introduction Opioid medications are widely used to treat chronic non-cancer pain ( 1 ). Male hypogonadism, characterized by low concentrations of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), is one of the most well-described hormonal adverse