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Marloes L P Langelaan Clinical Laboratory, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands

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Jérôme M H Kisters Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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Mirjam M Oosterwerff Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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Arjen-Kars Boer Clinical Laboratory, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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Introduction The utility of measuring salivary cortisol has become increasingly popular in, for example, screening for Cushing’s syndrome or disease ( 1 , 2 ). Obtaining salivary samples is easy and patient friendly. An additional advantage

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Deirdre Green Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin

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Rosemary Dineen Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin

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Michael W O’Reilly Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin

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Mark Sherlock Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin

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–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, with insufficient adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation of the adrenal cortex ( 2 ) leading to deficiency in cortisol and adrenal androgens. This is mostly commonly caused by pituitary tumours and the resultant treatment including

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P Herbert School of Sport, Health and Outdoor Education, Trinity Saint David, University of Wales, Wales, UK

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LD Hayes Active Ageing Research Group, Department of Medical and Sport Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK

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NF Sculthorpe Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, UK

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FM Grace Faculty of Health, Federation University, Victoria, Australia

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out to examine the influence of substituting normal exercise training with a six-week (nine sessions) low-volume HIIT program on PPO, TT, free-T, cortisol and the TT:cortisol ratio, in male masters athletes. We hypothesized that (i) six weeks of low

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Sarah Ying Tse Tan Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Hong Chang Tan Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Ling Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Lih Ming Loh Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Dawn Shao Ting Lim Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Du Soon Swee Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Yoke Ling Chan Department of Speciality Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Huee Boon Lim Department of Speciality Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Shiau Lee Ling Department of Speciality Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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En Jun Ou Department of Speciality Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Wynn Ee Teo Department of Speciality Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Xiao Ping Zhang Department of Speciality Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Hui Fen Goh Department of Speciality Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Peng Chin Kek Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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, the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test (AST) is the most commonly used ( 3 ). During the AST, 250 µg of synthetic ACTH was administered intravenously or intramuscularly, and serum cortisol is drawn at baseline, 30 min, and 60 min

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Marcus Imamovic Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Nils Bäcklund Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Staffan Lundstedt Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Göran Brattsand Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Elisabeth Aardal Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Tommy Olsson Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Per Dahlqvist Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Introduction Timely diagnosis of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is important to reduce morbidity and mortality ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) is an important screening instrument for CS with high sensitivity and

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Kathrin Zopf Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Kathrin R Frey Department of Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

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Tina Kienitz Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Manfred Ventz Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

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Britta Bauer Endocrinology in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany

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Marcus Quinkler Endocrinology in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany

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of 37.7 months. Second, it is still unknown how the Bcl I polymorphism exerts its effects. After administration of dexamethasone, serum cortisol levels were lower in G-allele carriers of the BclI polymorphism, pointing to a greater glucocorticoid

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Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Pedro Marques-Vidal Departments of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Gérard Waeber Departments of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Peter Vollenweider Departments of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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hypertension, might be linked with an excess of glucocorticoid secretion ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). Patients with metabolic syndrome and concomitantly higher fasting cortisol have been related with more prevalent central obesity and hypertension, a higher triglycerides

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Fahim Ebrahimi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Sandrine A Urwyler Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Philipp Schuetz Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Beat Mueller Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Luca Bernasconi Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Peter Neyer Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Marc Y Donath Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Mirjam Christ-Crain Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-producing cells in the pituitary gland ( 7 ) and third in the adrenal glands with direct stimulatory effect on cortisol production ( 11 ). Therapeutic interventions aimed at counteracting inflammatory activation have proven

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Britt J van Keulen Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Conor V Dolan Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Bibian van der Voorn Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Ruth Andrew Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Brian R Walker Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Hilleke Hulshoff Pol Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Dorret I Boomsma Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Joost Rotteveel Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Martijn J J Finken Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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cortisol levels. Compared to girls, boys, up to age 8, had higher salivary cortisol levels and lower levels beyond this age ( 11 ). The timing of this change suggests that sex steroids influence the HPA axis. Surprisingly, to the best of our knowledge

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Fiona Broughton Pipkin Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK

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Hiten D Mistry Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK

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Chandrima Roy Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK

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Bernhard Dick Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK

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Jason Waugh Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK

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Rebecca Chikhi Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK

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Lesia O Kurlak Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK

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Markus G Mohaupt Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Nephrology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK

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feedback control of glucocorticoid maintenance and an association with metabolic syndrome (10, 11) . Little is known about steroid hormone availability and metabolism during the early postpartum period in infants. Fetal exposure to maternal cortisol is

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