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sequential secretion of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the hypothalamus, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland and glucocorticoids such as cortisol from the adrenal cortex (14, 15
Departments of Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Metabolism and Diabetes
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Departments of Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Metabolism and Diabetes
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Introduction Along with progressive β-cell failure and insulin resistance, patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) display disturbed regulation of cortisol and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) secretion (1) . Especially regarding the hypothalamus
Department of Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellón, Spain
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biochemical criteria ( 8 ). In this respect, cortisol concentration in the immediate postoperative period has been the most widely used long-term prognostic indicator in most of the published series ( 1 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ). The
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, a broad range of therapeutic modalities are being explored with different doses and applications of glucocorticoids that usually by far exceed the physiological daily cortisol production (8) , and therefore carry the risk of systemic side effects. A
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stress, mindfulness may affect cortisol ( 11 ), which secondarily may affect some hormones involved in appetite regulation such as insulin ( 12 ), leptin and ghrelin ( 13 ). However, the results of these investigations are controversial ( 7 , 8 , 9
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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showed normalisation of her serum electrolytes with a persistently elevated renin (372.8 mIU/L) during fludrocortisone treatment. Following COCP withdrawal, she had a basal cortisol of 344 nmol/L, rising to 452 nmol/L 60 min post-injection of 250 µg
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Laboratory of Biometry, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Division of Pneumology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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−80°C thereafter. Cortisol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free tetraiodothyronine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and total testosterone (testosterone) were analysed
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Introduction Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient cortisol production, due to impaired ACTH or cortisol secretion, depicting secondary or primary AI (respectively SAI and PAI) ( 1 , 2 , 3
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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K. G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
K. G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Introduction Autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) is usually caused by adrenal adenomas or hyperplasia and is frequently diagnosed in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI). AI are adrenal masses discovered on imaging undertaken for other
Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
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Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
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have not found the evidence that mean cortisol levels differ between cyclic and acyclic females (21, 24) . However, this does not rule out the possibility that more fine-scale patterns of cortisol expression are disrupted in non-cycling elephants. Mean