Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Search for other papers by Petar Milovanovic in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Björn Busse in
Google Scholar
PubMed
osteocyte death also occurs due to hormonal reasons, such as estrogen deficiency or corticosteroid excess ( 38 , 39 , 45 ). Moreover, osteocyte death may be caused by mechanical factors ( 36 , 46 ), but the relationship between mechanical loading and
Search for other papers by Trevor Lewis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Eva Zeisig in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jamie E Gaida in
Google Scholar
PubMed
and associated metabolic conditions, such as insulin resistance ( 5 ), diabetes ( 6 ), hypercholesterolaemia ( 7 ), statins ( 8 ), abdominal fat ( 9 ), the sympathetic nervous system ( 10 , 11 ), and corticosteroid use ( 12 ). Glucocorticoids are a
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Angelica Sharma in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Katharine Lazarus in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Deborah Papadopoulou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hemanth Prabhudev in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
Search for other papers by Tricia Tan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Karim Meeran in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
Search for other papers by Sirazum Choudhury in
Google Scholar
PubMed
equivalent to a prednisolone dose of 2–4 mg once daily. This may be because prednisolone has half the affinity for corticosteroid-binding globulin as compared to cortisol, and therefore higher concentrations of unbound prednisolone are present ( 10
Search for other papers by Kamran Iqbal in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kate Halsby in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Robert D Murray in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Paul V Carroll in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Robert Petermann in
Google Scholar
PubMed
information is well recorded and accurate ( 13 , 14 ). Study population The population of interest comprised patients with treated AI defined as an AI-specific Read code and at least one Multilex code for the corticosteroids of interest (i.e. IR HC
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
Search for other papers by Stephanie E Baldeweg in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mark Vanderpump in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Will Drake in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Narendra Reddy in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Andrew Markey in
Google Scholar
PubMed
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
Search for other papers by Gordon T Plant in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Michael Powell in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Saurabh Sinha in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by John Wass in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by the Society for Endocrinology Clinical Committee in
Google Scholar
PubMed
emergencies. Prompt resuscitation and corticosteroid replacement may be lifesaving. MRI scan is the investigation of choice. Urgent discussion with the regional neurosurgical/endocrine team is essential. Surgical intervention should be considered in
Search for other papers by Marcus Quinkler in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bertil Ekman in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Claudio Marelli in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sharif Uddin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Pierre Zelissen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Robert D Murray in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by on behalf of the EU-AIR Investigators in
Google Scholar
PubMed
development of corticosteroid side effects between patients ( 7 ). Interestingly, when the endogenous glucocorticoid, cortisol (hydrocortisone), is compared with prednisolone at the isolated human glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the transactivation activity of
Search for other papers by Greta B Raglan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Louis A Schmidt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Search for other papers by Jay Schulkin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
as a possible intervention for mental illness including depression. Although further study is necessary, it appears that corticosteroid synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) may show some efficacy in treating individuals with intractable depression ( 23
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, ARETAIEION University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for other papers by Theodoros Karampitsakos in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, ARETAIEION University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for other papers by Fotini Kanouta in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Christos Chatzakis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Vassilios Bakoulas in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, ARETAIEION University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for other papers by Alexandros Gryparis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Petros Drakakis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, ARETAIEION University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for other papers by Djuro Macut in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by George Mastorakos in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Courses of Antenatal Corticosteroids for Preterm Birth Study), studied 935 (index group) compared to 918 (control group) pregnant women ( 22 ). The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of multiple courses of antenatal sGCs (betamethasone or
Search for other papers by Martijn J J Finken in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Aleid J G Wirix in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ines A von Rosenstiel-Jadoul in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bibian van der Voorn in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mai J M Chinapaw in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Michaela F Hartmann in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Joana E Kist-van Holthe in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Stefan A Wudy in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Joost Rotteveel in
Google Scholar
PubMed
, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia ( 7 , 10 ). There is controversy as to whether increased HPA axis activity is a cause or a consequence of childhood obesity. It has been demonstrated that the rise in serum corticosteroids
Search for other papers by Bliss Anderson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Daniel L Morganstein in
Google Scholar
PubMed
practice is to reserve high dose corticosteroids for those presenting with adrenal crisis or with significant pituitary enlargement. Other patients can be commenced directly on replacement doses of corticosteroids (e.g. hydrocortisone 20 mg daily in divided