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Clara Lundetoft Clausen Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark

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Trine Holm Johannsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Erik Skakkebæk Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Hanne Frederiksen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Thomas Benfield Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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-fold, primarily through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the concurrent reduction of corticosteroid-binding proteins ( 8 ). However, in CIRCI, target tissue resistance towards glucocorticoids may occur even in the presence of

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0093
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 8
Open access
Veronica Kieffer
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Kate Davies University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

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Christine Gibson University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

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Morag Middleton University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

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Jean Munday University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

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Shashana Shalet University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

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Lisa Shepherd University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

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Phillip Yeoh University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

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• Understands the pathophysiology of the normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and recognises deviation from the norm • Is able to identify abnormal test results and escalate appropriately a,b,c • Can understand false-positive and -negative

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0134
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 1
Open access
Rachel K Rowe Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Benjamin M Rumney BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK

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Hazel G May BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK

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Paska Permana Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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P David Adelson BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

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S Mitchell Harman Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Jonathan Lifshitz Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Theresa C Thomas Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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. Dexamethasone treatment At 56 DPI, rats were administered a subcutaneous dose of 0.1mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX) (Dexamethasone Injectable sc-362917Rx, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at approximately 06:00h to investigate effectiveness of HPA axis negative feedback

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0031
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 4
Open access
N Bergmann Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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F Gyntelberg Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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J Faber Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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-response is then initiated with activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic–adrenomedullar (SAM) axis (3) . The activation of the two axes takes place in order to maintain the dynamic balance of the body, homeostasis, and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0031
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Open access
Muriel Houang Laboratoire des Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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Thao Nguyen-Khoa Centre Régional de Dépistage Néonatal-Ile de France, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France

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Thibaut Eguether Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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Bettina Ribault Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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Séverine Brabant Laboratoire d’Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France

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Michel Polak Centre Régional de Dépistage Néonatal-Ile de France, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France
Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France

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Irène Netchine Laboratoire des Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Hôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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Antonin Lamazière Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

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propionate on short-term bone growth and HPA axis in children with allergic rhinitis . Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2003 90 56 – 62 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(1063615-0 ) 18 Lai F Srinivasan S Wiley V . Evaluation of a two

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0101
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 6
Open access
Maximilian Bielohuby Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany

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Martin Bidlingmaier Endocrine Research Laboratories, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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Uwe Schwahn Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany

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rodent studies and data are usually only reported for individual hormones. Among the reported hormones, particular attention has been given to hormones belonging to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as well as to adrenal medullary hormones

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0035
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Legh Wilkinson Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

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Nicolette J D Verhoog Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

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Ann Louw Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

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Introduction Due to the interrelatedness of the stress and inflammatory responses, chronic persistent inflammation may be considered both a cause and a consequence of a prolonged disruption of the central HPA axis, a systemic signalling

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0421
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
Sirazum Choudhury Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Tricia Tan Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Katharine Lazarus Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Karim Meeran Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the influence of the master clock is exerted by canonical endocrine signalling via arginine vasopressin (AVP) modification of pulsatile ACTH secretion, but there also exist non-endocrine pathways with neural signalling via the splanchnic

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0473
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Open access
Efstratios Kardalas Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Stavroula A Paschou Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Anagnostis Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Giovanna Muscogiuri Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ‘Federico II’ University of Naples, Naples, Italy

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Gerasimos Siasos First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Andromachi Vryonidou Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece

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hyperactivity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis ( 49 ). Due to elevated ACTH, patients suffer from an overproduction of mineralocorticoids, leading to hypertension, hypokalemic alkalosis and fatigue. Females also show signs of hyperandrogenism

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0109
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Andrew R Dismukes Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Vanessa J Meyer Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Elizabeth A Shirtcliff Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

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Katherine P Theall Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Kyle C Esteves Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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Stacy S Drury Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

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patterns of allostasis? An examination of basal and stress reactive HPA axis activity and telomere length . Physiology & Behavior 2012 106 40 – 45 . ( doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.11.016 ) 25 Kalimi M Shafagoj Y Loria R Padgett D

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0007
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 3
Open access