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Siphiwe N Dlamini SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa

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Zané Lombard Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Lisa K Micklesfield SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Nigel Crowther Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Shane A Norris SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Tracy Snyman Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Andrew A Crawford Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Brian R Walker BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Institute of Genetic Medicine to Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Julia H Goedecke SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa

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that included both African men and women suggested more evidence of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation in African males compared to their European ancestry counterparts, and the HPA axis dysregulation was associated with an

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0195
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 8
Open access
Paul-Martin Holterhus Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel and Christian Albrechts University, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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Alexandra Kulle Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel and Christian Albrechts University, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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Anne-Marie Till Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Germany

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Caroline Stille Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Germany

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Tabea Lamprecht Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel and Christian Albrechts University, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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Simon Vieth Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Campus Kiel and Christian-Albrechts-University, CAU, Kiel, Germany

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Melchior Lauten Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Germany

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AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 . Blood 2016 127 2101 – 2112 . ( https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-09-670729 ) 3 Rensen N Gemke RJ van Dalen EC Rotteveel J & Kaspers GJ . Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression after treatment with

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0002
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 10
Open access
Carolina Inda Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Natalia G Armando Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Paula A dos Santos Claro Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Susana Silberstein Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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are essential to the stress response driving both basal and stress-induced hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) activation. Besides the hypothalamus, CRH is widely distributed in extrahypothalamic circuits of the brain where it functions as a

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0111
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 6
Open access
C E Higham Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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A Olsson-Brown The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Bebbington, Wirral, UK
The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK

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P Carroll Department of Endocrinology, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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T Cooksley Department of Acute Medicine, UHSM and Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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J Larkin Skin Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK

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P Lorigan Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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D Morganstein Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK

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P J Trainer Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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the Society for Endocrinology Clinical Committee The Society for Endocrinology, Starling House, 1600 Bristol Parkway North, Bristol, UK

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should be re-evaluated once stable to confirm diagnosis and at intermittent intervals to assess for HPA axis recovery. Immunotherapy can be continued once patient clinically stable on appropriate endocrine replacement therapy. Declaration

Article Type:
Other
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0068
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 7
Open access
Filippo Ceccato Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Elisa Selmin Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Chiara Sabbadin Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Miriam Dalla Costa Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Giorgia Antonelli Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Mario Plebani Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Mattia Barbot Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Corrado Betterle Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Marco Boscaro Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Carla Scaroni Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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). The most common cause of acquired and persistent SAI in adults is a result of a pituitary tumor: its mass effect or pituitary-directed treatments (surgery/radiotherapy) may impair hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function ( 3 , 4

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0257
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 9
Open access
Greta B Raglan Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Louis A Schmidt Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Jay Schulkin Department of Research, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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, such as that which a shy or fearful child might experience, influences the expression of CRH in both the amygdala and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in rats ( 41 , 42 ). Conclusion Glucocorticoids are not just related to stress

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0100
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 2
Open access
Alexander Tacey Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine-Western Health, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Lewan Parker Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

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Bu B Yeap Medical School, University of Western Australia, and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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John Joseph PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Ee M Lim PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Andrew Garnham Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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David L Hare University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Tara Brennan-Speranza Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Itamar Levinger Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine-Western Health, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Introduction Glucocorticoids (GC) are a naturally occurring catabolic steroid, produced by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and regulated by neuroendocrine and immune responses ( 1 , 2 ). Synthetic forms of GC, such as

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0473
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 2
Open access
Giovanni Tulipano Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

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inhibitor compound C or by dominant negative AMPK. The overexpression of constitutively active AMPK mimicked the effect of AICAR. These data suggest that AMPK directly mediates the effects of starvation and subsequent energy depletion on the HPA axis

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0482
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 2
Open access
Carlo Cinque Fondazione Ethoikos, Radicondoli, Italy
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Manuela Zinni Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Anna Rita Zuena Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Chiara Giuli Fondazione Ethoikos, Radicondoli, Italy

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Sebastiano G Alemà Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Assia Catalani Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Paola Casolini Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Roberto Cozzolino Fondazione Ethoikos, Radicondoli, Italy

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handling and restraint of the animals, with a consequent activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis that quickly leads to secretion of glucocorticoids ( 7 ). For some experimental designs, faecal sampling may be a valid non

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0338
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 2
Open access
Marloes L P Langelaan Clinical Laboratory, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands

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Jérôme M H Kisters Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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Mirjam M Oosterwerff Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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Arjen-Kars Boer Clinical Laboratory, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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.14712/23362936.2016.2 ) 10.14712/23362936.2016.2 26995200 18 Clow A Hucklebridge F Stalder T Evans P Thorn L. The cortisol awakening response: more than a measure of HPA axis function. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2010 35 97 – 103 . ( https://doi.org/10

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0085
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access