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Shuang Wan Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China

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Chengcheng Zheng Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Tao Chen Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Lu Tan Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Jia Tang Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Haoming Tian Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Yan Ren Adrenal Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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We applied 24-h Holter monitoring to analyze the characteristics of arrhythmias and heart rate variability in Chinese patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and compared them with age-, sex-, and blood pressure-matched primary hypertension (PH) patients. A total of 216 PA patients and 261 PH patients were enrolled. The nonstudy data were balanced using propensity score matching (PSM), and the risk variables for developing arrhythmias were then analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Before PSM, the proportion of PA patients with combined atrial premature beats and prolonged QT interval was higher than the corresponding proportion in the PH group. After PSM, the PA group had a larger percentage of transient atrial tachycardia and frequent atrial premature beats, and it had higher heart rate variability metrics. The proportion of unilateral PA combined with multiple ventricular premature beats was higher than that of bilateral PA. Older age, grade 3 hypertension, and hypokalemia were independent risk factors for the emergence of arrhythmias in PA patients. PA patients suffer from a greater prevalence of arrhythmias than well-matched PH patients.

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Shenghe Luo College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Yunhui Zuo Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Xiaotian Cui Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Meiping Zhang Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Honghua Jin Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Lan Hong Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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To observe the effects of liraglutide (analog of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)) on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion and atrial dynamics, an ex vivo isolated rat atrial perfusion model was used to determine atrial ANP secretion and pulse pressure. DPP-4−/− mice were also established in vivo. ANP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay; GLP-1 content was determined by Elisa. The expression levels of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), PI3K/AKT/mTOR, piezo 1, and cathepsin K were analyzed by Western blot. In the clinical study, patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) had low levels of plasma GLP-1 but relatively high levels of plasma ANP. In ex vivo (3.2 nmol/L) and in vivo (30 μg/kg) models, liraglutide significantly decreased ANP levels and atrial pulse pressure. Exendin9–39 alone (GLP-1R antagonist) reversibly significantly increased ANP secretion, and the reduction effect of liraglutide on the secretion of ANP was significantly alleviated by Exendin9–39. Exendin9–39 demonstrated slightly decreased atrial pulse pressure; however, combined liraglutide and Exendin9–39 significantly decreased atrial pulse pressure. Ly294002 (PI3K/AKT inhibitor) inhibited the increase of ANP secretion by liraglutide for a short time, while Ly294002 didn't counteract the decrease in pulse pressure by liraglutide in atrial dynamics studies. Liraglutide increased the expression of GLP-1R and PI3K/AKT/mTOR in isolated rat atria and the hearts of mice in vivo, whereas Exendin9–39 reversibly reduced the expression of GLP-1R and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Piezo 1 was significantly decreased in wild type and DPP-4−/− mouse heart or isolated rat atria after being treated with liraglutide. Cathepsin K expression was only decreased in in vivo model hearts. Liraglutide can inhibit ANP secretion while decreasing atrial pulse pressure mediated by GLP-1R. Liraglutide probably plays a role in the reduction of ANP secretion via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Piezo 1 and cathepsin K may be involved in the liraglutide mechanism of reduction.

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Tao Gao Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Rui Liu Department of Oncology. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Chunli Li Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Xinglin Chu Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Qiao Guo Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Dazhi Ke Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Background

Fetuin-B, a cytokine that regulates lipid metabolism, has recently been linked to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease. In this study, we discussed the relationship between fetuin-B and essential hypertension.

Method

A bioinformatics analysis of fetuin-B was performed. A total of 206 with essential hypertension and 180 age- and-sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Plasma fetuin-B, endothelin 1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), and adiponectin (ADI) levels were measured using ELISA kits.

Results

Bioinformatics analysis has revealed that fetuin-B plays an important role in pathways such as lipid metabolism. Compared with healthy subjects, serum fetuin-B levels in patients with essential hypertension were significantly increased. Correlation analysis showed that the serum fetuin-B level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, fat percentage in vivo, waist–hip ratio, intima–media thickness, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glutamyltranspeptidase, alanine transaminase, albumin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin, and ET-1 in the overall study subjects (all P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-C, ADI, and NO (all P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that SBP, FBG, LDL-C, ADI, and ET-1 were independent factors affecting serum fetuin-B. A binary logistic regression analysis showed that fetuin-B was an independent risk factor for primary hypertension (odds ratio: 1.060, 95% CI: 1.034–1.086, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of fetuin-B for primary hypertension, and the optimal cutoff point was 83.14 μg/mL (sensitivity 77.4%, specificity 63.3%) (area under the curve) = 0.7738, 95% CI 0.7276–0.8200, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Elevated fetuin-B levels are associated with an increased risk of essential hypertension.

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Paweł Komarnicki Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Paweł Gut Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Jan Musiałkiewicz Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Maja Cieślewicz Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Adam Maciejewski Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Prachi Patel Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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George Mastorakos Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Introduction

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms that occur in various locations throughout the body. Despite their usually benign character, they might manifest with distant metastases. N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has previously been described as a useful biomarker in diagnosing carcinoid heart disease (CHD), a common advanced NETs manifestation. We observed plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP in metastatic midgut NETs over a 4-year period.

Objectives

We aimed to explore NT-proBNP concentrations in states of varying levels of cell proliferation and disease status. Our goal was to investigate NT-proBNP’s role in predicting disease progression in relation to previous research and up-to-date scientific guidelines.

Patients and methods

We performed a retrospective multivariate analysis of NT-proBNP concentrations in 41 midgut NETs patients treated with somatostatin analogs, all with liver metastases. NT-proBNP concentrations were measured in every patient across 16 evenly distanced time points over a 48-month period and were compared to variables such as sex, age, grading, Ki-67, primary tumor location, and CT findings.

Results

NT-proBNP concentrations correlated positively with higher liver tumor burden, higher grading, high Ki-67 levels, and with progressive disease in CT. There were no differences in NT-proBNP levels with regard to primary location (ileum vs jejunum), sex, and age.

Conclusion

We conclude that NT-proBNP is a useful analyte for monitoring NETs progression, due to its increased concentration in scenarios implying increased cellular proliferation. These long-term follow-up results align with previous findings and suggest an additional role for NT-proBNP in diagnostic algorithms, beyond a CHD biomarker.

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