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Rafaella Sales de Freitas Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Thiago F A França Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Sabine Pompeia Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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involves neuroendocrine changes leading to maturation of the gonads, acceleration of growth in height, and development of secondary sexual characteristics. The kisspeptin peptides, produced by small groups of neurons in the hypothalamus, play a key role in

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0165
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 10
Open access
Yanfei Chen Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Mei Li Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Binrong Liao Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Jingzi Zhong Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Dan Lan Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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development of internal and external reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys ( 1 ). In recent years, the age of puberty initiation has been declining all over the world, paralleled by the increasing

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0028
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Amar Osmancevic School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Kristin Ottarsdottir School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Margareta Hellgren School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ulf Lindblad School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Bledar Daka School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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. ( https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.111.015065 ) 27 Tajar A Forti G O’Neill TW Lee DM Silman AJ Finn JD Bartfai G Boonen S Casanueva FF Giwercman A , Characteristics of secondary, primary, and compensated hypogonadism in aging men

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Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0141
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 7
Open access
Silvia Ciancia Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Vanessa Dubois Basic and Translational Endocrinology (BaTE), Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Martine Cools Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

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youth healthcare. Current guidelines recommend the use of GnRH analogs (GnRHa) to suppress puberty and prevent the development of secondary sexual characteristics. At ages 15–16 years, gender-affirming hormones (GAH) are usually added (non

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0280
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 11
Open access
Sebastian Franik Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Kathrin Fleischer Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Barbara Kortmann Department of Pediatric Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Nike M Stikkelbroeck Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Kathleen D’Hauwers Department of Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Claire Bouvattier Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Paris, France

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Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

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Solange Grunenwald Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France

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Tim van de Grift Departments of Plastic Surgery and Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Audrey Cartault Department of Pediatrics, Hospital des Enfants, Toulouse, France

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Annette Richter-Unruh Kinderendokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Kinderklinik, Bochum, Germany

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Nicole Reisch Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany

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Ute Thyen Klinik fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitat zu Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany

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Joanna IntHout Department for Health Evidence, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amalia Childrens Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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the dsd-LIFE Group
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the dsd-LIFE Group

azoospermia is found in about 90% of adult men with KS ( 2 ). Other frequent clinical symptoms include gynecomastia, a low sexual drive, small testes and hypogonadism due to impaired testosterone production ( 3 , 4 ). KS is also associated with

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0010
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 7
Open access
Brendan J Nolan Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Aviva S Frydman Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Shalem Y Leemaqz College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Meg Carroll Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Jeffrey D Zajac Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Ada S Cheung Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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development of physical characteristics that align with their gender identity and improves mental health ( 1 ). There has been an ongoing debate regarding the inclusion of progesterone in feminising hormone therapy regimens. Some suggest progesterone may aid

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0170
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 5
Open access
Peter Bond Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
Department of Performance and Image-enhancing Drugs Research, Android Health Clinic, Utrecht, the Netherlands

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Tijs Verdegaal Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands

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Diederik L Smit Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
Department of Performance and Image-enhancing Drugs Research, Android Health Clinic, Utrecht, the Netherlands

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König CS Balabani S Hackett GI Strange RC & Ramachandran S . Testosterone therapy: an assessment of the clinical consequences of changes in hematocrit and blood flow characteristics . Sexual Medicine Reviews 2019 7 650 – 660 . ( https

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0283
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 10
Open access
Giuseppe Grande Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Andrea Graziani Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Antonella Di Mambro Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Riccardo Selice Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Alberto Ferlin Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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measuring the trabecular bone score (TBS), a parameter which is related to the 3D features of the bone and the trabecular characteristics. TBS is a measurement of the variation in gray-level texture between adjacent pixels in two-dimensional projection

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0058
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 8
Open access