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Yumei Zhai The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Haiming Fu Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baotou Maternal and Child Health Center, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Yu Li The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Siyuan Li The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Wenchen Zhang The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Jianwei Yue The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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Zichao Wang The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China

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crucial to mitigate associated disabilities and fatalities ( 5 ). Insulin resistance (IR) is a central factor in cardiovascular diseases ( 6 ). In hypertensive patients, IR not only exacerbates hypertension but also contributes to hypertension

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Mette Faurholdt Gude Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Rikke Hjortebjerg Department of Molecular Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Mette Bjerre Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Morten Haaning Charles Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Daniel R Witte Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Annelli Sandbæk Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Jan Frystyk Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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likely related to its ability to increase insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) action. PAPP-A activates IGF1 through proteolytic cleavage of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) -2, -4 and -5, which provides IGFBP fragments with low ligand affinity. By this

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Charlotte Höybye Department of Endocrinology and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Beverly M K Biller Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Jean-Marc Ferran Qualiance ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Murray B Gordon Allegheny Neuroendocrinology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Nicky Kelepouris US Medical Affairs-Rare Endocrine Disorders, Novo Nordisk, Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA

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Navid Nedjatian Global Medical Affairs – Rare Endocrine Disorders, Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zurich, Switzerland

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Anne H Olsen Epidemiology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Soborg, Denmark

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Matthias M Weber Unit of Endocrinology, 1, Medical Department, University Hospital, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany

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Introduction Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is associated with increased visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia ( 1 ). AGHD may persist from childhood or be acquired in adulthood as a result of

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Alicia Romano Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA

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Juan Pablo Kaski Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital & UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK

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Jovanna Dahlgren Department of Paediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Nicky Kelepouris US Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA

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Alberto Pietropoli Global Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zurich, Switzerland

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Tilman R Rohrer Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany

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Michel Polak Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynaecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France

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weight SDS were calculated using age- and gender-specific national references. GH, growth hormone; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor I; SDS, standard deviation score. The most common concomitant medications were CNS stimulants (12

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Tao Gao Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Rui Liu Department of Oncology. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Chunli Li Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Xinglin Chu Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Qiao Guo Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Dazhi Ke Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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development ( 24 , 25 , 26 ). As the main apolipoprotein in chylomicrons and LDL, APOA4 is related to lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress ( 27 , 28 , 29 ). FTCD plays an important role in inducing the production of ROS, mitochondrial

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Shenghe Luo College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Yunhui Zuo Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Xiaotian Cui Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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Meiping Zhang Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Honghua Jin Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China

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Lan Hong Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China

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< 0.001, **** P < 0.0001 vs WT in vivo (mean ± s.e. , n  = 6). Discussion GLP-1, an incretin-like peptide that regulates blood glucose by stimulating insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon, is currently widely used in the

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Ying-Lien Cheng Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ting-I Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yu-Mei Chien Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ting-Wei Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yi-Jen Chen Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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removal from the circulation and consequently hyperlipidemia ( 40 ). Accordingly, vitamin D may reduce serum lipids through inhibiting parathyroid hormone secretion. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency was shown to increase the risk of insulin resistance, which

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Lanping Jiang Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Department of Nephrology & Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Xiaoyan Peng Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Renal Division, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China

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Bingbin Zhao Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Lei Zhang Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Lubin Xu Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Xuemei Li Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Min Nie Department of Endocrinology & Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Limeng Chen Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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Yuan T Jiang L Chen C Peng X Nie M Li X Xing X Li X Chen L . Glucose tolerance and insulin responsiveness in Gitelman syndrome patients . Endocrine Connections 2017 6 243 – 252 . ( https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0014 ) 17 Peng X

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