Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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The Modern Pioneer Center and ArSMRM for MRI Training and Development, Tripoli, Libya
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Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Introduction The acute insulin response (AIRg) relative to the prevailing level of insulin sensitivity (S I ) described by the disposition index (DI) estimates the β-cell function, which is a key component in the pathogenesis of type 2
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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with idiopathic hypoandrogenism and in precocious pubertal girls treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs ( 4 , 5 ). Some of the variation in circulating SHBG might be related to body composition and insulin sensitivity, both of which change
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hypothyroidism have a high risk for insulin resistance-associated disorders, such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease ( 1 , 2 ). Moreover, independent of other variables, a significant positive association exists between TSH levels and insulin
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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different cohorts including men and women, respectively, suggesting a causal effect. The mechanism behind the association between SHGB and type 2 diabetes is not fully understood, but may be mediated through insulin resistance ( 5 ). In a meta
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Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Introduction Obesity is characterized by elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) that cause insulin resistance in the liver and periphery ( 1 , 2 ). FFAs induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which occurs when misfolded or unfolded
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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cytokines, leptin, estradiol and insulin. These substances may inhibit the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary gonadal axis at multiple levels, thus lowering the concentrations of testosterone ( 7 ). There is also evidence that obesity increases aromatase
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Introduction Excess dietary fat and sedentary lifestyle predispose to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. As skeletal muscle accounts for 80% of glucose disposal under insulin-stimulated conditions ( 1 , 2 ), it is an important target
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
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Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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-acting somatostatin analogue, which inhibits the secretion of the gastrointestinal hormones) significantly blunted the suppression of bone resorption after oral glucose in a study by Clowes et al . ( 5 ). However, in the same study, insulin was also inhibited by the
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(defined as birth weight (BW) below 2500 g) has been proposed to lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (1, 2, 3, 4) . In studies of individuals born SGA at term (defined as BW SDS below −2 SDS), signs of insulin resistance have been detected in
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetes mellitus ( 1 , 2 ). SGLT2 inhibitors exert glucose-lowering effects, improving insulin sensitivity through the changes in the body composition over long-term treatment ( 3 , 4 ). While