Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt
Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Amy E Mendham
Amy E Mendham
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Jon Hauksson
Jon Hauksson
Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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Ali Alhamud
Ali Alhamud
Department of Human Biology, MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
The Modern Pioneer Center and ArSMRM for MRI Training and Development, Tripoli, Libya
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The Modern Pioneer Center and ArSMRM for MRI Training and Development, Tripoli, Libya
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Darko Stefanovski
Darko Stefanovski
Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Centre, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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Olah Hakim
Olah Hakim
Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Jeroen Swart
Jeroen Swart
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Louise M Goff
Louise M Goff
Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Steven E Kahn
Steven E Kahn
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Tommy Olsson
Tommy Olsson
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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Julia H Goedecke
Julia H Goedecke
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Introduction The acute insulin response (AIRg) relative to the prevailing level of insulin sensitivity (S I ) described by the disposition index (DI) estimates the β-cell function, which is a key component in the pathogenesis of type 2
Shenglong Le
Shenglong Le
Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Leiting Xu
Leiting Xu
Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Moritz Schumann
Moritz Schumann
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Na Wu
Na Wu
Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Timo Törmäkangas
Timo Törmäkangas
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Markku Alén
Markku Alén
Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Sulin Cheng
Sulin Cheng
Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Petri Wiklund
Petri Wiklund
Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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with idiopathic hypoandrogenism and in precocious pubertal girls treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs ( 4 , 5 ). Some of the variation in circulating SHBG might be related to body composition and insulin sensitivity, both of which change
Qing Zhou
Qing Zhou
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Li Yong Zhang
Li Yong Zhang
Department of Thyroid Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Mei Feng Dai
Mei Feng Dai
Department of Clinical Lab, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Zhen Li
Zhen Li
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Chao Chun Zou
Chao Chun Zou
Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Hui Liu
Hui Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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hypothyroidism have a high risk for insulin resistance-associated disorders, such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease ( 1 , 2 ). Moreover, independent of other variables, a significant positive association exists between TSH levels and insulin
Kristin Ottarsdottir
Kristin Ottarsdottir
Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Margareta Hellgren
Margareta Hellgren
Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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David Bock
David Bock
Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Anna G Nilsson
Anna G Nilsson
Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bledar Daka
Bledar Daka
Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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different cohorts including men and women, respectively, suggesting a causal effect. The mechanism behind the association between SHGB and type 2 diabetes is not fully understood, but may be mediated through insulin resistance ( 5 ). In a meta
Sandra Pereira
Sandra Pereira
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jessy Moore
Jessy Moore
Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Jia-Xu Li
Jia-Xu Li
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wen Qin Yu
Wen Qin Yu
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Husam Ghanim
Husam Ghanim
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Filip Vlavcheski
Filip Vlavcheski
Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Yemisi Deborah Joseph
Yemisi Deborah Joseph
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Paresh Dandona
Paresh Dandona
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Allen Volchuk
Allen Volchuk
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Carolyn L Cummins
Carolyn L Cummins
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Evangelia Tsiani
Evangelia Tsiani
Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Adria Giacca
Adria Giacca
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Introduction Obesity is characterized by elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) that cause insulin resistance in the liver and periphery ( 1 , 2 ). FFAs induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which occurs when misfolded or unfolded
Kristin Ottarsdottir
Kristin Ottarsdottir
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Anna G Nilsson
Anna G Nilsson
Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Margareta Hellgren
Margareta Hellgren
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ulf Lindblad
Ulf Lindblad
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bledar Daka
Bledar Daka
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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cytokines, leptin, estradiol and insulin. These substances may inhibit the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary gonadal axis at multiple levels, thus lowering the concentrations of testosterone ( 7 ). There is also evidence that obesity increases aromatase
Selina Mäkinen
Selina Mäkinen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Yen H Nguyen
Yen H Nguyen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Paulina Skrobuk
Paulina Skrobuk
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Heikki A Koistinen
Heikki A Koistinen
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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University of Helsinki, Department of Medicine, and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Introduction Excess dietary fat and sedentary lifestyle predispose to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. As skeletal muscle accounts for 80% of glucose disposal under insulin-stimulated conditions ( 1 , 2 ), it is an important target
Marie Reeberg Sass
Marie Reeberg Sass
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen
Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens Pedersen
Jens Pedersen
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
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Kristine Juul Hare
Kristine Juul Hare
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nis Borbye-Lorenzen
Nis Borbye-Lorenzen
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Katalin Kiss
Katalin Kiss
Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tina Vilsbøll
Tina Vilsbøll
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Filip Krag Knop
Filip Krag Knop
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Steen Seier Poulsen
Steen Seier Poulsen
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Niklas Rye Jørgensen
Niklas Rye Jørgensen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens Juul Holst
Jens Juul Holst
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cathrine Ørskov
Cathrine Ørskov
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bolette Hartmann
Bolette Hartmann
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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-acting somatostatin analogue, which inhibits the secretion of the gastrointestinal hormones) significantly blunted the suppression of bone resorption after oral glucose in a study by Clowes et al . ( 5 ). However, in the same study, insulin was also inhibited by the
Anna Kistner
Anna Kistner
Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Mireille Vanpée
Mireille Vanpée
Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kerstin Hall
Kerstin Hall
Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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(defined as birth weight (BW) below 2500 g) has been proposed to lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (1, 2, 3, 4) . In studies of individuals born SGA at term (defined as BW SDS below −2 SDS), signs of insulin resistance have been detected in
Yuka Goto
Yuka Goto
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yoshie Otsuka
Yoshie Otsuka
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kenji Ashida
Kenji Ashida
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ayako Nagayama
Ayako Nagayama
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Nao Hasuzawa
Nao Hasuzawa
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shimpei Iwata
Shimpei Iwata
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kento Hara
Kento Hara
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Munehisa Tsuruta
Munehisa Tsuruta
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Nobuhiko Wada
Nobuhiko Wada
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Seiichi Motomura
Seiichi Motomura
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yuji Tajiri
Yuji Tajiri
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Kurume Medical Center, Kokubu-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Masatoshi Nomura
Masatoshi Nomura
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetes mellitus ( 1 , 2 ). SGLT2 inhibitors exert glucose-lowering effects, improving insulin sensitivity through the changes in the body composition over long-term treatment ( 3 , 4 ). While
