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Teodoro Durá-Travé
Teodoro Durá-Travé
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano
Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano
Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
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María Malumbres-Chacon
María Malumbres-Chacon
Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
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Lotfi Ahmed-Mohamed
Lotfi Ahmed-Mohamed
Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
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María Jesús Chueca -Guindulain
María Jesús Chueca -Guindulain
Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Sara Berrade-Zubiri
Sara Berrade-Zubiri
Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
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sexual precocity have suppressed basal LH levels. That is, the presence of a high concentration of estradiol with low basal gonadotropins together with a rapid development of secondary sexual characteristics should compel to investigate for peripheral
Sarmistha Banerjee
Sarmistha Banerjee
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Allison M Hayes
Allison M Hayes
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bernard H Shapiro
Bernard H Shapiro
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Introduction Sexual dimorphisms of some dozen or more hormone- and drug-metabolizing constituent cytochromes P450 (CYPs) observed in rats, humans, and many other species examined ( 1 ) are defined by two characteristics. (i) Following puberty
Britt J van Keulen
Britt J van Keulen
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Conor V Dolan
Conor V Dolan
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bibian van der Voorn
Bibian van der Voorn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ruth Andrew
Ruth Andrew
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Brian R Walker
Brian R Walker
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Hilleke Hulshoff Pol
Hilleke Hulshoff Pol
Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dorret I Boomsma
Dorret I Boomsma
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Joost Rotteveel
Joost Rotteveel
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Martijn J J Finken
Martijn J J Finken
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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committee of the Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc. Participants were physically examined by a researcher for pubertal stage at ages 9 and 12 years. The examination was based on secondary sexual characteristics according to Marshall and Tanner, that is, breast
Amar Osmancevic
Amar Osmancevic
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kristin Ottarsdottir
Kristin Ottarsdottir
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Margareta Hellgren
Margareta Hellgren
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ulf Lindblad
Ulf Lindblad
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bledar Daka
Bledar Daka
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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. ( https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.111.015065 ) 27 Tajar A Forti G O’Neill TW Lee DM Silman AJ Finn JD Bartfai G Boonen S Casanueva FF Giwercman A , Characteristics of secondary, primary, and compensated hypogonadism in aging men
Silvia Ciancia
Silvia Ciancia
Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Vanessa Dubois
Vanessa Dubois
Basic and Translational Endocrinology (BaTE), Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Martine Cools
Martine Cools
Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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youth healthcare. Current guidelines recommend the use of GnRH analogs (GnRHa) to suppress puberty and prevent the development of secondary sexual characteristics. At ages 15–16 years, gender-affirming hormones (GAH) are usually added (non
Yijun Tang
Yijun Tang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yao Chen
Yao Chen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jiayi Wang
Jiayi Wang
Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Qianwen Zhang
Qianwen Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yirou Wang
Yirou Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yufei Xu
Yufei Xu
Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xin Li
Xin Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jian Wang
Jian Wang
International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xiumin Wang
Xiumin Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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secondary sexual characteristics during puberty, gynecomastia, and gender inconsistency between gonads and chromosomes showing 46,XY. Complete clinical data and genetic analysis results were evaluated. Subjects with any one of the following conditions were
Sebastian Franik
Sebastian Franik
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kathrin Fleischer
Kathrin Fleischer
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Barbara Kortmann
Barbara Kortmann
Department of Pediatric Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nike M Stikkelbroeck
Nike M Stikkelbroeck
Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kathleen D’Hauwers
Kathleen D’Hauwers
Department of Urology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Claire Bouvattier
Claire Bouvattier
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Paris, France
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Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Solange Grunenwald
Solange Grunenwald
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Tim van de Grift
Tim van de Grift
Departments of Plastic Surgery and Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Audrey Cartault
Audrey Cartault
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
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Annette Richter-Unruh
Annette Richter-Unruh
Kinderendokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Kinderklinik, Bochum, Germany
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Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
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Ute Thyen
Ute Thyen
Klinik fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitat zu Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
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Joanna IntHout
Joanna IntHout
Department for Health Evidence, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten
Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amalia Childrens Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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the dsd-LIFE Group
the dsd-LIFE Group
the dsd-LIFE Group
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azoospermia is found in about 90% of adult men with KS ( 2 ). Other frequent clinical symptoms include gynecomastia, a low sexual drive, small testes and hypogonadism due to impaired testosterone production ( 3 , 4 ). KS is also associated with
M Boering
M Boering
Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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P R van Dijk
P R van Dijk
Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Isala, Department of Internal Medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Isala, Department of Internal Medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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S J J Logtenberg
S J J Logtenberg
Diakonessenhuis, Department of Internal Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Langerhans Medical Research group, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Langerhans Medical Research group, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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K H Groenier
K H Groenier
Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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B H R Wolffenbuttel
B H R Wolffenbuttel
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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R O B Gans
R O B Gans
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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N Kleefstra
N Kleefstra
Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Langerhans Medical Research group, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Langerhans Medical Research group, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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H J G Bilo
H J G Bilo
Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Isala, Department of Internal Medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Isala, Department of Internal Medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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at the end of both treatment phases were used for analysis. Primary and secondary outcomes The primary outcome was the difference in SHBG concentrations between the CIPII and SC treatment phase. Secondary outcomes included the course of SHBG
Athanasios Zervas
Athanasios Zervas
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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George Chrousos
George Chrousos
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Sarantis Livadas
Sarantis Livadas
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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time of diagnosis. At the onset of puberty, many patients with PROP1 mutations also exhibit LH and FSH deficiency and fail to develop secondary sexual characteristics (possibly applicable to Dopey). The loss of gonadotropins may also present as an
Agnieszka Pazderska
Agnieszka Pazderska
Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Department of Endocrinology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Yaasir Mamoojee
Yaasir Mamoojee
Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Satish Artham
Satish Artham
Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Margaret Miller
Margaret Miller
Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Stephen G Ball
Stephen G Ball
Department of Endocrinology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK
Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Tim Cheetham
Tim Cheetham
Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Richard Quinton
Richard Quinton
Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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), the proportion of males with congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) rises steeply thereafter, eventually comprising the universality of cases by the third decade of life ( 2 ). Whereas both primary and secondary (CHH) ovarian insufficiencies
