Search Results

You are looking at 31 - 40 of 428 items for

  • Abstract: adrenarche x
  • Abstract: amenorrhoea x
  • Abstract: fertility x
  • Abstract: Hypogonadism x
  • Abstract: infertility x
  • Abstract: Kallmann x
  • Abstract: Klinefelter x
  • Abstract: menarche x
  • Abstract: menopause x
  • Abstract: puberty x
  • Abstract: testes x
  • Abstract: transsexual x
  • Abstract: Turner x
  • Abstract: ovary x
Clear All Modify Search
Feifei Cheng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Feifei Cheng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Noel Yat Hey Ng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Noel Yat Hey Ng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Claudia Ha Ting Tam Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Claudia Ha Ting Tam in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Yuying Zhang Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Yuying Zhang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Cadmon King Poo Lim Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Cadmon King Poo Lim in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Guozhi Jiang Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Guozhi Jiang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Alex Chi Wai Ng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Alex Chi Wai Ng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Tiffany Tse Ling Yau Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Tiffany Tse Ling Yau in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Lai Ping Cheung Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Lai Ping Cheung in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Aimin Xu Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Aimin Xu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Juliana C N Chan Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Juliana C N Chan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Ronald C W Ma Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Search for other papers by Ronald C W Ma in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. FGF19, FGF21 and lipocalin-2 have emerged as important markers of metabolic risk. This study aims to compare the levels of FGF19, FGF21 and lipocalin-2 between subjects with or without PCOS, and to investigate the relationship between proteins and diabetes progression. In this nested case–control cohort study, 128 Chinese PCOS women and 128 controls were recruited and followed-up. All subjects underwent the oral glucose tolerance test for the evaluation of glycaemic status. Baseline serum protein levels were measured using ELISA. Compared with controls, PCOS subjects had higher levels of FGF19 (P < 0.001) and FGF21 (P = 0.022), but had lower lipocalin-2 (P < 0.001). In total, 20.8% of PCOS and 9.2% of controls developed diabetes over a mean duration of 10.4 ± 1.2 and 11.3 ± 0.5 years, respectively. Logistic regression analyses suggested FGF19 was positively associated with diabetes progression in controls, after adjusting for age, follow-up duration, waist and fasting glucose (P = 0.026, odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 7.4 (1.3–43.6)), and the positive relationship between FGF21 and diabetes progression in controls was attenuated by adjusting for age and follow-up duration (P = 0.183). Lipocalin-2 was positively correlated with diabetes progression in PCOS group (P = 0.026, OR (95% CI)): 2.5 (1.1–5.6)); however, this became attenuated after adjusting for waist and fasting glucose (P = 0.081). In conclusion, there is differential expression of FGF19, FGF21, and lipocalin-2 in PCOS. The serum level of FGF19, and FGF21 is associated with diabetes progression in women without PCOS, while lipocalin-2 was related to diabetes progression in PCOS women.

Open access
Malin Nylander Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Search for other papers by Malin Nylander in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Signe Frøssing Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

Search for other papers by Signe Frøssing in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Caroline Kistorp Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

Search for other papers by Caroline Kistorp in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Jens Faber Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

Search for other papers by Jens Faber in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Sven O Skouby Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Search for other papers by Sven O Skouby in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. We aimed to study the effect of liraglutide intervention on markers of VTE and CVD risk, in PCOS. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 72 overweight and/or insulin-resistant women with PCOS were randomized, in a 2:1 ratio, to liraglutide or placebo 1.8 mg/day. Endpoints included between-group difference in change (baseline to follow-up) in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels and in thrombin generation test parameters: endogenous thrombin potential, peak thrombin concentration, lag time and time to peak. Mean weight loss was 5.2 kg (95% CI 3.0–7.5 kg, P < 0.001) in the liraglutide group compared with placebo. We detected no effect on endogenous thrombin potential in either group. In the liraglutide group, peak thrombin concentration decreased by 16.71 nmol/L (95% CI 2.32–31.11, P < 0.05) and lag time and time to peak increased by 0.13 min (95% CI 0.01–0.25, P < 0.05) and 0.38 min (95% CI 0.09–0.68, P < 0.05), respectively, but there were no between-group differences. There was a trend toward 12% (95% CI 0–23, P = 0.05) decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the liraglutide group, and there was a trend toward 16% (95% CI −4 to 32, P = 0.10) reduction, compared with placebo. In overweight women with PCOS, liraglutide intervention caused an approximate 5% weight loss. In addition, liraglutide affected thrombin generation, although not significantly differently from placebo. A concomitant trend toward improved fibrinolysis indicates a possible reduction of the baseline thrombogenic potential. The findings point toward beneficial effects of liraglutide on markers of VTE and CVD risk, which should be further pursued in larger studies.

Open access
Dorte Glintborg Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

Search for other papers by Dorte Glintborg in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Hanne Mumm Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

Search for other papers by Hanne Mumm in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Jens Juul Holst Department of Biomedical Sciences and NNF Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Search for other papers by Jens Juul Holst in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Marianne Andersen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

Search for other papers by Marianne Andersen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Context

Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may increase the risk of reactive hypoglycaemia (RH) and decrease glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. The possible effects of treatment with oral contraceptives (OCP) and/or metformin on GLP-1 secretion and risk of RH in PCOS is undetermined.

Setting

Outpatient clinic.

Patients and interventions

Randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ninety women with PCOS were randomized to 12-month treatment with OCP (150 mg desogestrel + 30 mg ethinylestradiol), metformin (2 g/day) or metformin + OCP. Five-hour oral glucose tolerance tests (5-h OGTT) measuring fasting and area under the curve (AUC) for GLP-1, glucose, insulin and C-peptide were performed before and after the intervention period. Sixty-five women completed the study and 34 weight-matched healthy women were included as controls.

Main outcome measures

Changes in GLP-1, glucose, insulin and C-peptide during 5-h OGTT.

Results

Fasting GLP-1 levels increased during metformin + OCP vs OCP treatment, whereas AUC GLP-1 levels were unchanged during medical treatment. The prevalence of reactive hypoglycemia increased from 9/65 to 14/65 after intervention (P < 0.01) and was more common after treatment with metformin + OCP (increase from 3/23 to 6/23, P = 0.01). Reactive hypoglycaemia was associated with higher insulin and C-peptide levels during 5-h OGTT, but was unassociated with BMI and AUC GLP-1. GLP-1 levels were comparable in PCOS vs controls. AUC GLP-1 levels were significantly lower in obese vs lean patients and were inversely associated with BMI.

Conclusions

AUC GLP-1 levels were unchanged during treatment. Increased risk of hypoglycemia during metformin + OCP could be associated with increased insulin secretion.

Open access
Sarantis Livadas Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece

Search for other papers by Sarantis Livadas in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Christina Bothou Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Search for other papers by Christina Bothou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland

Search for other papers by Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Ralitsa Robeva Ushate ‘acad. IV. Penchev’, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

Search for other papers by Ralitsa Robeva in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Andromahi Vryonidou Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece

Search for other papers by Andromahi Vryonidou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Jelica Bjekic Macut Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Search for other papers by Jelica Bjekic Macut in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Ioannis Androulakis Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece

Search for other papers by Ioannis Androulakis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Milica Opalic Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Search for other papers by Milica Opalic in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Zadalla Mouslech 1st Medical Propedeutic, Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Search for other papers by Zadalla Mouslech in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Andrej Milewicz Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland

Search for other papers by Andrej Milewicz in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Alessandra Gambineri Department of Medical and Surgical Science-DIMEC Endocrinology Unit, University of Bologna – S. Orsola-Mapighi Hospital, Italy

Search for other papers by Alessandra Gambineri in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Dimitrios Panidis Gynaecological Endocrinology Infirmary of the Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Search for other papers by Dimitrios Panidis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Djuro Macut Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Search for other papers by Djuro Macut in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, which is the most appropriate way to evaluate dysglycemia in women with PCOS and who are at increased risk are as yet unclear.

Aim of the study

To determine the prevalence of T2DM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in PCOS women and potential factors to identify those at risk.

Subjects and methods

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), biochemical/hormonal profile, and ovarian ultrasound data from 1614 Caucasian women with PCOS and 362 controls were analyzed in this cross-sectional multicenter study. The data were categorized according to age and BMI.

Results

Dysglycemia (T2DM, IGT, and IFG according to World Health Organization criteria) was more frequent in the PCOS group compared to controls: 2.2% vs 0.8%, P = 0.04; 9.5% vs 7.4%, P = 0.038; 14.2% vs 9.1%, P = 0.002, respectively. OGTT was essential for T2DM diagnosis, since in 88% of them basal glucose values were inconclusive for diagnosis. The presence of either T2DM or IFG was irrespective of age (P = 0.54) and BMI (P = 0.32), although the latter was associated with IGT (P = 0.021). There was no impact of age and BMI status on the prevalence of T2DM or IFG. Regression analysis revealed a role for age, BMI, fat deposition, androgens, and insulin resistance for dysglycemia. However, none of the factors prevailed as a useful marker employed in clinical practice.

Conclusions

One-third of our cohort of PCOS women with either T2DM or IGT displayed normal fasting glucose values but without confirming any specific predictor for dysglycemic condition. Hence, the evaluation of glycemic status using OGTT in all women with PCOS is strongly supported.

Open access
Jie Yang J Yang, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China

Search for other papers by Jie Yang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Min Lin M Lin, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, China

Search for other papers by Min Lin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Xiaoyan Tian X Tian, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China

Search for other papers by Xiaoyan Tian in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Chujun Li C Li, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China

Search for other papers by Chujun Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Haocun Wu H Wu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China

Search for other papers by Haocun Wu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Ling Deng L Deng, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China

Search for other papers by Ling Deng in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Xuelan Li X Li, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China

Search for other papers by Xuelan Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Xin Chen X Chen, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China

Search for other papers by Xin Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Purpose: Our study aimed to assess the relationship between serum adipokines and insulin resistance (IR) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as well as explore the predictive value of adipokines on IR in PCOS.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. 154 women with PCOS were included from July 2021 to September 2022 who underwent gonadal steroid hormone measurement, lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR. Adiponectin (APN), leptin and secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp5) were measured by immunoturbidimetry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Women with PCOS were categorised based on the presence of IR.

Results: Women with PCOS with IR (n=99) had significantly lower APN level and APN to leptin ratio (A/L ratio) than those without IR (n=55), whereas serum levels of leptin and Sfrp5 were similar between the two groups. In multivariable linear regression analysis, serum log (APN) and log (A/L ratio) were associated with log(HOMA-IR), the association was statistically significant after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and free androgen index. The area under the ROC curve (95% CI) for APN and A/L ratio were 0.726 (0.644–0.807; P<0.001) and 0.660(0.569–0.751; P<0.01), with cutoff values of 5.225 mg/L (Youden index ¼ 0.364) and 1.438 (Youden index ¼ 0.265) respectively.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that serum APN was negatively related to IR. Serum APN may be useful as a clinical marker for IR in women with PCOS. Our findings warrant further investigations into the function of APN in the pathogenesis of IR in women with PCOS.

Open access
Renata C Scalco Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Search for other papers by Renata C Scalco in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Ericka B Trarbach Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Search for other papers by Ericka B Trarbach in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Edoarda V A Albuquerque Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Search for other papers by Edoarda V A Albuquerque in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Thais K Homma Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Search for other papers by Thais K Homma in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Thais H Inoue-Lima Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Search for other papers by Thais H Inoue-Lima in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Mirian Y Nishi Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Search for other papers by Mirian Y Nishi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Berenice B Mendonca Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratorio de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Search for other papers by Berenice B Mendonca in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Alexander A L Jorge Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Search for other papers by Alexander A L Jorge in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Most patients with Turner syndrome (TS) need hormone replacement therapy because of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism; individual outcomes, however, are highly variable. Our objective was to assess the influence of five estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) polymorphisms (rs543650, rs1038304, rs2046210, rs2234693 and rs9340799) on adult height, breast development, uterine volume and bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 91 TS patients from a tertiary hospital using adult estrogen dose. In our group, ESR1 rs2234693 was associated with femoral neck and total hip BMD, and it accounted for around 10% of BMD variability in both sites (P < 0.01). Patients homozygous for C allele in this polymorphism had significantly lower femoral neck BMD (0.699 ± 0.065 g/cm2 vs 0.822 ± 0.113 g/cm2, P = 0.008) and total hip BMD (0.777 ± 0.118 g/cm2 vs 0.903 ± 0.098 g/cm2, P = 0.009) than patients homozygous for T allele. The other four ESR1 polymorphisms were not able to predict any of the above estrogen therapy outcomes in an isolated manner. Patients homozygous for the haplotype GCG formed by polymorphisms rs543650, rs2234693 and rs9340799 had an even more significantly lower femoral neck BMD (0.666 ± 0.049 vs 0.820 ± 0.105 g/cm2, P = 0.0047) and total hip BMD (0.752 ± 0.093 vs 0.908 ± 0.097 g/cm2, P = 0.0029) than patients homozygous for haplotypes with a T allele in rs2234693. In conclusion, homozygosity for C allele in ESR1 rs2234693 and/or for GCG haplotype appears to be associated with lower femoral neck and total hip BMD. We believe that the identification of polymorphisms related to estrogen outcomes may contribute to individualization of treatment in TS.

Open access
Valentina Guarnotta Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Search for other papers by Valentina Guarnotta in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Silvia Lucchese Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Search for other papers by Silvia Lucchese in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Mariagrazia Irene Mineo Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Search for other papers by Mariagrazia Irene Mineo in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Donatella Mangione Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Search for other papers by Donatella Mangione in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Renato Venezia Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Search for other papers by Renato Venezia in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Piero Luigi Almasio Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Search for other papers by Piero Luigi Almasio in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Carla Giordano Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Search for other papers by Carla Giordano in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Objective

The aim of this study is to clarify, in girls with premature pubarche (PP), the influence of premature androgenization on the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design and patients

Ninety-nine PP girls, 63 who developed PCOS and 36 who did not develop PCOS, were retrospectively included. Clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters were evaluated at the time of diagnosis of PP and after 10 years from menarche to find predictive factors of PCOS.

Results

Young females with PP showed a PCOS prevalence of 64% and showed a higher prevalence of familial history of diabetes (P = 0.004) and a lower prevalence of underweight (P = 0.025) than PP-NO-PCOS. In addition, girls with PP-PCOS showed higher BMI (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), total testosterone (P = 0.026), visceral adiposity index (VAI) (P = 0.013), total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), non-HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001) and lower age of menarche (P = 0.015), ISI-Matsuda (P < 0.001), DIo (P = 0.002), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.026) than PP-NO-PCOS. Multivariate analysis showed that WC (P = 0.049), ISI-Matsuda (P < 0.001), oral disposition index (DIo) (P < 0.001), VAI (P < 0.001), total testosterone (P < 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) are independent predictive factors for PCOS in girls with PP.

Conclusions

Our study established a strong association between multiple risk factors and development of PCOS in PP girls. These risk factors are predominantly related to the regulation of glucose, lipid, and androgen metabolism. Among these factors, WC, ISI-Matsuda, DIo, VAI, total testosterone, and LDL-cholesterol predict PCOS.

Open access
Mette H Viuff Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

Search for other papers by Mette H Viuff in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
and
Claus H Gravholt Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

Search for other papers by Claus H Gravholt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

In this commentary, we discuss the state of affairs concerning the clinical care of females with Turner syndrome (TS) in Germany. TS is a rare disease and new international guidelines describe an appropriate setup for optimal clinical care. Several countries have implemented a program with centralized adult Turner syndrome clinics, which are now found in France, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, parts of England and possibly other countries, but hitherto not in Germany. Such an approach should ensure the availability of high quality multi-disciplinary care for all women with TS to be treated and to detect all the conditions that have been associated with TS, which typically appear at odd times during the lifetime of a female with TS. Care should be offered at no added cost for the patient, and treatment with relevant drugs should be available at reasonable cost for the individual patient. Currently, it is quite problematic that many female sex hormone preparations are not available at low cost in a number of countries. Additional problems include supply chain issue which lead to patients not being able to buy their usual drug for a certain period of time. We think it is timely that countries improve the care for individuals with rare conditions, such as TS.

Open access
Veronica Kieffer
Search for other papers by Veronica Kieffer in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Kate Davies University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

Search for other papers by Kate Davies in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Christine Gibson University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

Search for other papers by Christine Gibson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Morag Middleton University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

Search for other papers by Morag Middleton in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Jean Munday University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

Search for other papers by Jean Munday in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Shashana Shalet University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

Search for other papers by Shashana Shalet in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Lisa Shepherd University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

Search for other papers by Lisa Shepherd in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Phillip Yeoh University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Grampian, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford Royal Hospitals Foundation Trust, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, The London Clinic, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK

Search for other papers by Phillip Yeoh in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

This competency framework was developed by a working group of endocrine specialist nurses with the support of the Society for Endocrinology to enhance the clinical care that adults with an endocrine disorder receive. Nurses should be able to demonstrate that they are functioning at an optimal level in order for patients to receive appropriate care. By formulating a competency framework from which an adult endocrine nurse specialist can work, it is envisaged that their development as professional practitioners can be enhanced. This is the second edition of the Competency Framework for Adult Endocrine Nursing. It introduces four new competencies on benign adrenal tumours, hypo- and hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. The authors and the Society for Endocrinology welcome constructive feedback on the document, both nationally and internationally, in anticipation that further developments and ideas can be incorporated into future versions.

Open access
Yao Chen Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital, Hangzhou, China

Search for other papers by Yao Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
and
Shu-ying Fang Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital, Hangzhou, China

Search for other papers by Shu-ying Fang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous endocrine disorder with typical symptoms of oligomenorrhoea, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, obesity, insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Extensive evidence indicates that PCOS is a genetic disease and numerous biochemical pathways have been linked with its pathogenesis. A number of genes from these pathways have been investigated, which include those involved with steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, action of gonadotropin and gonadal hormones, folliculogenesis, obesity and energy regulation, insulin secretion and action and many others. In this review, we summarize the historical and recent findings in genetic polymorphisms of PCOS from the relevant publications and outline some genetic polymorphisms that are potentially associated with the risk of PCOS. This information could uncover candidate genes associating with PCOS, which will be valuable for the development of novel diagnostic and treatment platforms for PCOS patients.

Open access