), cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes to a two- to four-times higher death rate in patients with T1DM, compared with the general population ( 3 , 4 ). Diabetes Control and Complications Trials (DCCT) have exhibited that intensive insulin therapy attenuated
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Xiuzhen Zhang, Dan Xu, Ping Xu, Shufen Yang, Qingmei Zhang, Yan Wu, and Fengyi Yuan
Taísa A R Vicente, Ívina E S Rocha, Roberto Salvatori, Carla R P Oliveira, Rossana M C Pereira, Anita H O Souza, Viviane C Campos, Elenilde G Santos, Rachel D C Araújo Diniz, Eugênia H O Valença, Carlos C Epitácio-Pereira, Mario C P Oliveira, Andrea Mari, and Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira
Introduction GH regulates β-cell function (βCF) and insulin sensitivity (IS) both directly and via complex interactions with its principal mediator, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) (1) . While GH reduces IS, IGF1 increases it. The hyperglycemic
Patricia Iozzo and Maria Angela Guzzardi
exerted by obesity on cognitive dysfunction and vice versa. Both have been associated with morphological reductions in brain volume, relating to systemic dysmetabolism and insulin resistance and/or to the degree of cognitive impairment ( 21 , 22 , 23
Xiuzhen Hou, Junfeng Zhang, Hehong Ma, Ming Li, and Pei Wang
Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is primarily resulted from insulin resistance and glucose intolerance during pregnancy, affecting 7% of pregnant women globally ( 1 , 2 ). GDM causes higher risks of diabetes, obesity and
C L Bodinham, L Smith, E L Thomas, J D Bell, J R Swann, A Costabile, D Russell-Jones, A M Umpleby, and M D Robertson
. This was highlighted in a scientific advisory committee (SACN) statement on nutrition that stated, although cereal fiber intake has been associated with a reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic risk factors such as insulin resistance
Benjamin Paul Green, Javier Thomas Gonzalez, Kevin Thomas, Emma Stevenson, and Penny Louise Sheena Rumbold
) , glucagon (3) , insulin (4) , and leptin (5) , among others, represent several commonly measured metabolic variables documented as key effectors targeting energy intake and expenditure. Accurate quantification of these peptides is therefore essential when
Ling Hu, Ting Li, Xiao-Ling Yin, and Yi Zou
the increase in the incidence of TN is related to some components of MS ( 7 ). Researchers in the field have found that MS and insulin resistance are important factors associated with the increased incidence of nodular goiter and thyroid cancer ( 8
Dorte Glintborg, Magda Lambaa Altinok, Pernille Ravn, Kurt Bjerregaard Stage, Kurt Højlund, and Marianne Andersen
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism ( 1 ). Central obesity is closely associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation ( 2 ) and
Yael Sofer, Nava Nevo, Michal Vechoropoulos, Gabi Shefer, Etty Osher, Nathan Landis, Karen Tordjman, Geoffrey L Hammond, and Naftali Stern
of developing diabetes ( 7 ). High SHBG levels are apparently also associated with lower incidence of insulin resistance in men ( 10 ). Furthermore, cross-sectional studies in non-diabetic men and women have shown an inverse relationship between SHBG
Selina Mäkinen, Neeta Datta, Yen H Nguyen, Petro Kyrylenko, Markku Laakso, and Heikki A Koistinen
secondary ( 4 ) prevention of atherosclerotic events. However, data from several clinical studies have demonstrated that statin treatment increases the risk of type 2 diabetes ( 5 ). Statin use has been implicated with decreases in insulin secretion and
