regulatory effects of hormones (leptin, ghrelin, insulin, adiponectin, GLP-1) on energy homeostasis. In summary, hypothalamic AMPK has a role in integrating peripheral signals with neural circuits, and its activation is related to increased food intake and
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H Vlaardingerbroek, E L T van den Akker, and A C S Hokken-Koelega
-Willi syndrome, elevated ghrelin levels are more consistent with hyperphagia than high PYY and GLP-1 levels . Neuropeptides 2011 45 301 – 307 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2011.06.001 ) 70 Germain N Galusca B Le Roux CW Bossu C Ghatei MA
Peter Wolf, Yvonne Winhofer, Martin Krššák, and Michael Krebs
. Another question to be addressed in the future is if novel drug approaches for metabolic diseases, such as sodium-glucose-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs that improve cardiovascular outcome in patients suffering
Katica Bajuk Studen and Marija Pfeifer
.1576 ) 10.1007/BF03401383 131 Okerson T Chilton RJ. The cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists . Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2012 30 e146 – e155 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00256.x ) 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00256.x
Gareth Leng
peptide signals such as GLP-1 and GIP from gastrointestinal endocrine cells ( 72 ). Three modes of action of neuropeptides When considering the actions on neurones of neuropeptides released from neurones in the brain, we can recognise three