one of the most influential regulators of growth hormone (GH) secretion and action, with different mechanisms ( 2 ). Androgens and estrogens exert opposite endocrine-mediated effects on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I production and metabolic
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Alessandro Ciresi, Stefano Radellini, Valentina Guarnotta, Maria Grazia Mineo, and Carla Giordano
Yuanyuan Li, Dongmei Li, and Xingbo Cheng
Introduction The burgeoning epidemic of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) threatens maternal and infant health. GDM is characterized by glucose intolerance, which causes poorly controlled diabetes during pregnancy. Insulin resistance is an
Pernille H Hellmann, Jonatan I Bagger, Katrine R Carlander, Katrine B Hansen, Julie L Forman, Joachim Størling, Elizaveta Chabanova, Jens Holst, Tina Vilsbøll, and Filip K Knop
that expression of 2% of our genome is regulated by glucocorticoids ( 5 ). Prednisolone is known to induce insulin resistance, increased hepatic glucose production, hyperglycaemia and secondary diabetes. Even lean, healthy individuals can experience
Stavroula A Paschou, Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou, George P Chrousos, and Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
information on the pathogenesis of T1DM. We will present genetic, environmental and immunologic factors ( Table 1 ) that eventually destroy β cells of the endocrine pancreas and lead to insulin deficiency. Table 1 Contributing factors in type 1 diabetes
Mohammed S Albreiki, Benita Middleton, and Shelagh M Hampton
). Melatonin is considered the classical phase marker for assessing the timing of the mammalian biological clock. The SCN drives the daily rhythms in hormone concentrations such as insulin, glucagon, corticosterone ( 4 , 5 , 6 ) and enzymes involved in lipid
Julia Otten, Andreas Stomby, Maria Waling, Elin Chorell, Mats Ryberg, Michael Svensson, Jens Juul Holst, and Tommy Olsson
Introduction Blood glucose levels are tightly regulated by insulin and glucagon. In type 2 diabetes, the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production is impaired, and increased fasting and postprandial glucagon levels stimulate
Agnieszka Adamska, Aleksandra Maria Polak, Anna Krentowska, Agnieszka Łebkowska, Justyna Hryniewicka, Monika Leśniewska, and Irina Kowalska
dysfunction and characteristic image of the ovaries in the ultrasound ( 2 ). A lot of data indicated that insulin resistance is a key factor in the development of metabolic disturbances in PCOS, for example, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular
Nese Cinar and Alper Gurlek
ADP, vaspin, and visfatin in the context of thyroid dysfunction and the associated changes in adipose tissue and insulin resistance. The reason for choosing them is the increasing evidence regarding their changes in states of thyroid dysfunction
Shilpa Lingaiah, Laure Morin-Papunen, Terhi Piltonen, Inger Sundström-Poromaa, Elisabet Stener-Victorin, and Juha S Tapanainen
several metabolic and cardiovascular health implications. Women with PCOS commonly suffer from chronic anovulation, infertility, hyperandrogenaemia, obesity, dyslipidaemia and low-grade chronic inflammation ( 2 ). Insulin resistance is a common feature of
Helga Schultz, Svend Aage Engelholm, Eva Harder, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, and Peter Lommer Kristensen
(MSCC) and brain tumours. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known metabolic side effect from treatment with glucocorticoids. The diabetogenic effect is mainly a result of insulin resistance in muscle and fatty tissue, increased production of glucose from
