Introduction Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a frequent autoimmune disease that may present with a spectrum of altered thyroid function ranging from thyrotoxicosis to overt hypothyroidism. Treatment with l -thyroxine ( l -T4) is commonly
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Giorgio Radetti, Mariacarolina Salerno, Chiara Guzzetti, Marco Cappa, Andrea Corrias, Alessandra Cassio, Graziano Cesaretti, Roberto Gastaldi, Mario Rotondi, Fiorenzo Lupi, Antonio Fanolla, Giovanna Weber, and Sandro Loche
Nese Cinar and Alper Gurlek
/hyperthyroid animals, concerning the association between ADP levels and thyroid hormones. Hypothyroid rats have either increased or unchanged serum ADP levels, while unchanged or increased serum ADP levels are found in hyperthyroid rats (18, 19) . This might be due to
Ewa Stogowska, Karol Adam Kamiński, Bartosz Ziółko, and Irina Kowalska
, named, respectively, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. The primary hypothyroidism is a result of thyroid hormone deficiency with the simultaneous correct hypothalamus–pituitary axis function and its prevalence is calculated as around 3–5% in the
Jia Liu, Min Liu, Zhe Chen, Yumei Jia, and Guang Wang
overt hypothyroidism ( 1 , 2 ). Ultrasound examination is a major imaging detection technique for thyroid diseases and often shows a diffuse hypoechoic or heterogeneous thyroid in AIT patients. However, it is difficult for ultrasound examination to
Selma Flora Nordqvist, Victor Brun Boesen, Åse Krogh Rasmussen, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Laszlo Hegedüs, Steen Joop Bonnema, Per Karkov Cramon, Torquil Watt, Mogens Groenvold, and Jakob Bue Bjorner
) Autoimmune hypothyroidism 86 (20) Other thyroid diagnoses 18 (4) Disease duration (months) 0.3 (0–4) Treatment instituted Levothyroxine 111 (26) Antithyroid medication 86 (20) Aspiration of thyroid cyst 4
Melinda Kertész, Szilárd Kun, Eszter Sélley, Zsuzsanna Nagy, Tamás Kőszegi, and István Wittmann
study, the association of subclinical hypothyroidism and complications of type 2 diabetes was proved ( 11 ). Recently, an increased prevalence of nodular thyroid disease in metabolic syndrome has been detected ( 12 ). Moreover, high T3 may predict
John E M Midgley, Rolf Larisch, Johannes W Dietrich, and Rudolf Hoermann
hypothyroidism that require thyroid hormone replacement (2, 3) . This is mainly done by administration of synthetic levothyroxine ( l -T 4 ), which is a well-established, convenient, safe and inexpensive treatment modality (4, 5) . However, this does not
Sarah Christine Sentis, Rebecca Oelkrug, and Jens Mittag
hormone levels. During mild hypo- or hyperthyroidism, brown fat thermogenesis is adjusted to compensate for the change in obligatory thermogenesis and/or heat loss. In strong hypothyroidism, brown fat function fails entirely. In strong hyperthyroidism, the
Marcus Heldmann, Krishna Chatterjee, Carla Moran, Berenike Rogge, Julia Steinhardt, Tobias Wagner-Altendorf, Martin Göttlich, Hannes Schacht, Peter Schramm, Georg Brabant, Thomas F Münte, and Anna Cirkel
hypothyroidism (i.e. growth retardation, learning difficulty, developmental delay in children, hearing impairment, nystagmus) and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (i.e. tachycardia, hyperactivity, high basal metabolic rate) ( 3 ). Subjects with homozygous mutations in
Mírian Romitti, Vitor C Fabris, Patricia K Ziegelmann, Ana Luiza Maia, and Poli Mara Spritzer
(TPOAbs) and/or thyroglobulin (TgAbs) antibodies, with a typical hypoechogenic pattern at ultrasonography ( 27 , 28 ). AITD is regarded as the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism in young women. Nevertheless, detectable antibodies may be observed for
