likely to explain the higher maternal TSH in the early pregnancy prior to the hCG-peak ( 13 , 15 ). In line with this thought, patients with DIO3 containing hemangiomas present with consumptive hypothyroidism and a high rT3/T3-ratio ( 16 ). These
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Stine Linding Andersen and Stig Andersen
Paolo G Arduino, Dora Karimi, Federico Tirone, Veronica Sciannameo, Fulvio Ricceri, Marco Cabras, Alessio Gambino, Davide Conrotto, Stefano Salzano, Mario Carbone, and Roberto Broccoletti
hypothyroidism ( 4 , 5 , 6 ) or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ( 7 ), while other studies denied it ( 8 ). Considering all the previous deliberations, in such a discordant context, we decided to assess the association of OLP with some comorbidities, focusing our
Ning Yuan, Jianbin Sun, Xin Zhao, Jing Du, Min Nan, Qiaoling Zhang, and Xiaomei Zhang
Introduction Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), which is defined as an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration beyond the upper limit of the pregnancy-specific reference range and a normal free-thyroxine (FT4
Dorte Glintborg, Katrine Hass Rubin, Mads Nybo, Bo Abrahamsen, and Marianne Andersen
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) comprises irregular ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and/or polycystic ovaries when no other etiology can be found ( 1 ). Frank (overt) hypothyroidism is associated with insulin resistance
Monika Schaffner, Ursula Rochau, Nikolai Mühlberger, Annette Conrads-Frank, Vjollca Qerimi Rushaj, Gaby Sroczynski, Eftychia Koukkou, Betina Heinsbaek Thuesen, Henry Völzke, Wilhelm Oberaigner, and Uwe Siebert
Introduction Iodine deficiency is one of the world’s most common nutritional health problems. It causes thyroid disorders, such as goiter, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and a variety of other iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Worldwide
Jiashu Li, Aihua Liu, Haixia Liu, Chenyan Li, Weiwei Wang, Cheng Han, Xinyi Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Weiping Teng, and Zhongyan Shan
Introduction Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder among reproductively aged women ( 1 ), with a morbidity of 2–3%. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most common condition of thyroid disorders during pregnancy ( 2 ) and is
Line Tang Møllehave, Marie Holm Eliasen, Ieva Strēle, Allan Linneberg, Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes, Ludmila B Ivanova, Zvonko Kusić, Iris Erlund, Till Ittermann, Endre V Nagy, Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir, Jonathan Eli Arbelle, Aaron Milton Troen, Valdis Pīrāgs, Lisbeth Dahl, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Malgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner, João Jacome de Castro, Mafalda Marcelino, Simona Gaberšček, Katja Zaltel, Manuel Puig-Domingo, Lluis Vila, Sofia Manousou, Helena Filipsson Nyström, Michael Bruce Zimmermann, Karen R Mullan, Jayne Valerie Woodside, Henry Völzke, and Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen
risk of hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disorders in a population ( 9 ). Most regions of Europe will be iodine deficient without programs to prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). However, the implementation and type of IDD prevention
Xi Cao, Ming Lu, Rong-Rong Xie, Li-Ni Song, Wei-Li Yang, Zhong Xin, Guang-Ran Yang, and Jin-Kui Yang
population ( 6 ). Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), which is characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), has attracted increasing attention, as it interacts with many metabolic diseases ( 7 , 8 ). Thyroid hormones, including TSH, have been
Clara Lundetoft Clausen, Åse Krogh Rasmussen, Trine Holm Johannsen, Linda Maria Hilsted, Niels Erik Skakkebæk, Pal Bela Szecsi, Lise Pedersen, Thomas Benfield, and Anders Juul
alterations in the hormonal secretion from the thyroid gland ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). Studies have shown varying degrees of thyroid dysfunction among patients with COVID-19 infection with 5–20% being hyperthyroid and up to 5% being hypothyroid ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9
Reem Al Argan, Abdulaziz Ramadhan, Ramanakumar V Agnihotram, Jeffrey Chankowsky, and Juan Rivera
, which results in secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) and central hypothyroidism (CHT). Untreated SAI and CHT may lead to life-threatening complications, particularly during stress. Additionally, their diagnosis often requires the use of dynamic