, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), gliptins, GLP-1 analogs or gliflozins may be employed ( 21 ). The use of these traditional agents may be limited, however, because of several factors. Biguanides and TZDs improve the insulin resistance, but do not address the progressive
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Jothydev Kesavadev, Pradeep Babu Sadasivan Pillai, Arun Shankar, Gopika Krishnan, and Sunitha Jothydev
Ulrik Ø Andersen, Dijana Terzic, Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen, Peter Dall Mark, Peter Plomgaard, Jens F Rehfeld, Finn Gustafsson, and Jens P Goetze
and water, and also via vasodilatory effects. Importantly, it has also been shown that sacubitril/valsartan reduces the mortality for patients with chronic heart failure ( 3 ). Several other hormones, for instance glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and
Espen Nordheim and Trond Geir Jenssen
beneficial effects in patients with kidney disease beyond the blood-glucose lowering effect: receptor agonists of the glucagon-like protein 1 receptor (GLP-1 RA) and inhibitors of sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2 (SGLT2i). In secondary analyses of the SAVOR
Meena Asmar, Ali Asmar, Lene Simonsen, Flemming Dela, Jens Juul Holst, and Jens Bülow
indicate that GIP receptor expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is inversely associated with BMI ( 35 , 36 ). Interestingly, the other incretin hormone, glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), also increases total blood flow in adipose tissue in healthy
Alexis Sudlow, Carel W le Roux, and Dimitri J Pournaras
loss produced by the initial operation involving the removal of a segment of the stomach prompted surgeons to undertake it as a procedure in its own right. The metabolic effects of SG are thought to be the result of a combination of increased GLP-1 and
Wenrui Wang and Chuan Zhang
; Peptide (GLP-1) Similar developmental background to β-cells in vivo ; Large proportion and flexible plasticity; Share quantity of transcription factors; Corresponding metabolic mechanism and hormone secretion Low conversion rate; Weak proliferative
Mônica R Gadelha, Feng Gu, Marcello D Bronstein, Thierry C Brue, Maria Fleseriu, Ilan Shimon, Aart J van der Lely, Shoba Ravichandran, Albert Kandra, Alberto M Pedroncelli, and Annamaria A L Colao
greater degree than glucagon, which results in increased glucose levels ( 19 ). Indeed, pasireotide has been shown to reduce secretion of insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide in healthy volunteers
Sakina H Bharmal, Wandia Kimita, Juyeon Ko, and Maxim S Petrov
centrifuged at 4000 g for5.5 min at 4°C, plasma separated, aliquoted, and stored at −80°C for future analyses.Amylin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and
Peter Wolf, Alexandre Dormoy, Luigi Maione, Sylvie Salenave, Jacques Young, Peter Kamenický, and Philippe Chanson
development of hyperglycemia in 8 patients (23.5%). In two patients (14%), diabetes was treated by a s.c. injection of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, and three patients (21%) received insulin. All other patients were treated by oral antidiabetic
Chunliang Yang, Junyi Li, Fei Sun, Haifeng Zhou, Jia Yang, and Chao Yang
, 2 ). Existing therapeutics are aimed at lowering blood glucose level by stimulating insulin secretion (direct: sulfonylureas, nateglinide; indirect: DPP-4 inhibitors/GLP-1), alleviating peripheral insulin resistance (Metformin, TZDs), reducing
