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Introduction Ghrelin is a major regulator of food intake, energy balance and body weight ( 1 ). The active form of ghrelin, acyl-ghrelin, is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)1a ( 2 ). Since its cloning

metastatic diseases are treated with cytotoxic agents, radiation therapy and somatostatin analogs, although there is no consensus on these treatments ( 5 ). From an epidemiological point of view, PCs are rare tumors accounting for approximately 1% of all lung

of the fact that these cell lines do not express a sufficient amount of somatostatin receptor type 2 ( 87 ) and it does not seem an appropriate model in this setting. In contrast, in the human SI-NET cell lines KRJ-I and H-STS in vitro everolimus

://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.44 ) 28703220 119 Reubi JC Waser B Schaer JC Laissue JA . Somatostatin receptor sst1–sst5 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues using receptor autoradiography with subtype-selective ligands . European Journal

are still used to assess IGF1 bioactivity has been the lack of reliable assays to measure IGF1 bioactivity. An IGF1 receptor (IGF1R)-specific kinase receptor activation (KIRA) assay has been developed as an alternative method to evaluate circulating

secretion ( 18 ). Besides an altered hypothalamic drive, another possible contributor to the attenuated GH levels during chronic critical illness may be the scarcity of the active form of ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of the GHS receptor and a powerful GH

Bonneville JF . T2-weighted MRI signal intensity as a predictor of hormonal and tumoral responses to somatostatin receptor ligands in acromegaly: a perspective . Pituitary 2017 20 116 – 120 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-017-0788-8 ) 16 Mukai K

of therapies including somatostatin analogues, growth factor receptor antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, wnt pathway modulators and Men1 gene therapy ( 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ). However, the dependence on

 Pituitary surgery, n 22  Pituitary radiotherapy, n 5  Medical treatment, n 20    Dopamine agonist, n 7    Somatostatin receptor ligands, n 20    GH receptor antagonist, n 4  Never treated, n 3

treatment modalities, for example, surgery, liver-directed therapies, somatostatin receptor analogues and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy rather than on precision medicine. In case of non-functional, advanced and progressive SI-NETs, everolimus