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occurrence of postoperative hyponatremia ( 19 ). The results of the multivariate analysis in the present study suggested that preoperative hypothyroidism was an independent predictor of postoperative-delayed hyponatremia. Hypothyroidism can cause hyponatremia

, thereby directly afflicting the endocrine system ( 12 ). Hypothyroidism is a common comorbidity seen in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 ( 13 ). Prior history of thyroid disorders and the risk of COVID-19 severity and progression is a contentious

contractile apparatus of the cardiac myocyte has two subtypes of myosin heavy chains (MHCs): α-MHC and β-MHC – fast and slow myosin, respectively. T3 can upregulate α-MHC and downregulate β-MHC ( 10 ). Therefore, the myocardial hypothyroid state induces a so

hormone (TSH) <0.1 or ≥10 μU/mL ( 47 ). Especially in patients suffering from congestive heart failure, both subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism are associated with increased mortality ( 48 ). The same is true for patients hospitalized for

Introduction Thyroid hormones play important role in the processes of neuronal migration and differentiation, myelination and synaptogenesis and are essential for proper neurodevelopment ( 1 ). Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is generally

Introduction Hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease owing to its metabolic and hemodynamic effects ( 1 ). Multiple mechanisms account for atherosclerosis in patients with hypothyroidism

Introduction Overt hypothyroidism is known to increase the cardiovascular disorders, and thus there is a consensus to treat it ( 1 , 2 , 3 ), as with hyperparathyroidism ( 4 ). However, it remains controversial whether that is also true for

hypothyroidism. Therefore, thyroxine/free thyroxine (T4/fT4) levels are used as an additional parameter for therapy adjustment in patients treated with levothyroxine (LT4). However, peripheral euthyroidism cannot be reliably assessed even with both parameters

started, thyroid hormone status is regularly monitored by measuring TSH and/or fT4 concentrations depending on the etiology of the thyroid disorder. To illustrate, Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism can sufficiently be monitored by measuring TSH solely and fT4 may

Introduction Central hypothyroidism (CeH) is a rare and heterogenous hypothyroid condition resulting from an insufficient stimulation of an otherwise normal thyroid gland by the hypophyseal thyrotropin hormone (TSH). This loss of central