, the rate-limiting step in adrenal steroidogenesis, is also upregulated by ACTH-induced MC2R activation ( 43 ). Likewise, the final enzyme for cortisol synthesis, 11-β-hydroxylase, which converts 11-deoxycortisol into cortisol is upregulated upon ACTH
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Arno Téblick, Lies Langouche, and Greet Van den Berghe
Hong Jiang, WenJie Yang, QingFang Sun, Chang Liu, and LiuGuan Bian
-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) level, bilateral petrosal sinus sampling, absence of a blunted circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion, and other clinical features ( 18 ). CD remission was confirmed in all remitted CD patients by normal UFC after
A Chinoy, M Skae, A Babiker, D Kendall, M Z Mughal, and R Padidela
intake. However, our cases were tolerating feeds during their illness (barring case 1 during early phase of illness). We postulate that this phenomenon may involve cortisol-driven effects on 1,25(OH) 2 -vitamin D. It is recognised that the stress of
David J F Smith, Hemanth Prabhudev, Sirazum Choudhury, and Karim Meeran
which treatment with supraphysiological doses of exogenous steroid is required. The aim of glucocorticoid replacement therapy in adrenal failure is to reverse the deficiency using only physiological doses of steroids. Reproducing the diurnal cortisol
V Guarnotta, C Di Stefano, A Santoro, A Ciresi, A Coppola, and C Giordano
) or cortisone acetate, requires two-three daily doses to maintain adequate plasma cortisol levels, with the highest dose administered in the morning and a lower dose in the afternoon or, if required, in the evening ( 1 ), exposing patients to
Annelies van’t Westeinde, Leif Karlsson, Valeria Messina, Lena Wallensteen, Manuela Brösamle, Giorgio Dal Maso, Alessandro Lazzerini, Jette Kristensen, Diana Kwast, Lea Tschaidse, Matthias K Auer, Hanna F Nowotny, Luca Persani, Nicole Reisch, and Svetlana Lajic
, which is required for the conversion of cholesterol to cortisol and aldosterone, rendering it either partly or completely ineffective ( 2 , 3 ). Patients with classic CAH, therefore, experience glucocorticoid (GC) and mineralocorticoid deficiency
Qiuli Liu, Lin-ang Wang, Jian Su, Dali Tong, Weihua Lan, Luofu Wang, Gaolei Liu, Jun Zhang, Victor Wei Zhang, Dianzheng Zhang, Rongrong Chen, Qingyi Zhu, and Jun Jiang
Introduction Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the most severe disorders of metabolism with an overall incidence of approximately 1:15,000 worldwide ( 1 ). CAH encompasses a group of enzymatic deficiencies of cortisol synthesis
Andrew R Dismukes, Vanessa J Meyer, Elizabeth A Shirtcliff, Katherine P Theall, Kyle C Esteves, and Stacy S Drury
stress on TL, and other subsequent biological systems known to deteriorate with aging. Pathway 2: the antiglucocorticoid hypothesis In vitro cortisol exposure is associated with decreased telomerase ( 23 ), the enzyme responsible for repairing
Takuhiro Sonoyama, Masakatsu Sone, Naohisa Tamura, Kyoko Honda, Daisuke Taura, Katsutoshi Kojima, Yorihide Fukuda, Naotetsu Kanamoto, Masako Miura, Akihiro Yasoda, Hiroshi Arai, Hiroshi Itoh, and Kazuwa Nakao
cannulation was considered successful if the adrenal vein/inferior vena cava cortisol gradient (selectivity index) was >3.0. Lateralization was considered when the aldosterone:cortisol ratio (A/C) from one adrenal gland was at least three times greater than
Nidan Qiao
hypocortisolism with low serum cortisol (<5 μg/dL) and/or low urinary free cortisol (<20 mg per 24 h), and/or low cortisol (<1.8 mg/dL) level after 1 mg dexamethasone. Most of the studies also defined eucortisolism as remission ( 15 , 17 , 18 , 25 , 28 , 29
