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Ruth Percik Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel

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Sherwin Criseno Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Safwaan Adam Department of Endocrinology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Kate Young Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK

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Daniel L Morganstein Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK

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. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis Hypophysitis and hypopituitarism Pituitary abnormalities are reported in between 1.8 and 18.3% of patients treated with ipilimumab-based regimens ( 17 ), usually resulting in panhypopituitarism, associated with

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0513
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 5
Open access
Arno Téblick Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Ilse Vanhorebeek Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Inge Derese Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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An Jacobs Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Renata Haghedooren Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Sofie Maebe Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Gerdien A Zeilmaker-Roest Department of Neonatal & Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC – Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Enno D Wildschut Department of Neonatal & Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC – Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Lies Langouche Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Greet Van den Berghe Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Pre-operatively elevated plasma POMC, not accompanied by increased plasma ACTH, suggests, already in this early phase, the presence of a centrally activated HPA axis with impaired or immature

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0078
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 6
Open access
Arno Téblick Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Lies Langouche Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Greet Van den Berghe Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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critical illness. (A) The ACTH–cortisol dissociation, that is high levels of cortisol and low levels of ACTH, during the first week of ICU stay. Adapted, with permission, from ( 47 ). (B) The time course of HPA axis alteration beyond the first week of

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0318
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 8
Open access
J Brossaud Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux, France
Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France

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V Pallet Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux, France
INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France

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J-B Corcuff Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux, France
Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France

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medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line ( 58 ). Vitamin A and the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis There are arguments for an action of RA on the HPA axis. For instance, chronic treatment of young rats by RA increases basal corticosterone

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0101
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 7
Open access
Jan W Eriksson Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Reem A Emad Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Martin H Lundqvist Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Niclas Abrahamsson Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Maria C Kjellsson Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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(GH) ( 10 ). Cortisol secretion is primarily regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which, in turn, is stimulated by corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. A major physiological effect of

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0506
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Eva Olga Melin Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden

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Magnus Hillman Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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Mona Landin-Olsson Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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secretion is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis, CVD and CV mortality ( 15 , 16 , 17 ). Several disturbances of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with T1D have been demonstrated. The disturbances include increased

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0407
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 11
Open access
Anne-Sophie C A M Koning Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Philippe C Habets Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Marit Bogaards Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Jan Kroon Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Hanneke M van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Prinses Máxima Centrum, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Judith M de Bont Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Prinses Máxima Centrum, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Onno C Meijer Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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by the adrenal gland via activation of negative feedback mechanisms within the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis ( 14 , 15 ). High dosages of synthetic glucocorticoids will therefore lead to a situation of strong GR activation but, for lack

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Cardiovascular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0425
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Ermina Bach Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Niels Møller Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Jens Otto L Jørgensen Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Mads Buhl The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Holger Jon Møller Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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are indirect, since LPS acts through a number of cytokines and also activates the hypothalamo-pituitary axis (HPA) and stimulates the release of stress hormones (e.g. cortisol) into the blood ( 21 , 22 , 23 ). Since CD163 is strongly expressed in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0554
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 2
Open access
Rebeca Esquivel-Zuniga Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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Alan D Rogol Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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latter ( 25 ). Eating disorders Women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) often have hypercortisolemia due to activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. This condition has been described in amenorrheic athletes (mainly

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Paediatric Endocrinology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0190
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 11
Open access
Dorte Glintborg Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Magda Lambaa Altinok Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Pernille Ravn Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Kurt Bjerregaard Stage Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Kurt Højlund Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Marianne Andersen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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increased hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity in PCOS. Increased adrenal activity was also found in patients with major depression and their first-degree relatives compared to healthy controls ( 9 , 10 ). Therefore, decreased quality of life

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0077
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 3
Open access