Author guidelines

 
Ready to submit? Go straight to submission.
 
 

Editorial Process

Submission Checklist

Preparation of Manuscripts

Manuscript Categories

Supplementary Data

Editorial Policies

 

 
 

Editorial Process

 

Peer review

 
Submissions are assessed by the Editorial Board and are subject to external peer review using the single anonymous method whereby the identity of the reviewers and editors is not disclosed to the authors.
 
Due to the high volume of submissions received, the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board operate a rapid triage system and only the top 80% of papers undergo full external peer review. This workflow is in place to allow authors to submit to a more appropriate journal with minimal delay.
 
The journal aims to return a decision on a peer-reviewed paper in less than a month.
 
 

Appeals

 

Authors are entitled to appeal against a rejection decision made by a journal. Appeals should be submitted to the journal email address. We must receive your valid appeal within four weeks of the original decision, otherwise it will not be considered. An appeal is considered to be an extension of the peer review process and so you should not submit your article to another publication whilst an appeal is ongoing.

To be considered, appeals must directly address the reason(s) given for the initial rejection decision. If reviewer reports were included with the decision letter, then these criticisms must be responded to in the appeal, however you should not prepare and submit a revised version of your article with the appeal. Appeals that are received late, do not address reviewers’ criticisms, are dismissive of the reviewer comments, or contain offensive language will not be considered.

Valid appeals will be sent to a member of the journal’s Editorial Board for consideration. Where possible, an independent member of the Editorial Board who was not connected to the original decision will oversee the appeal.

If successful, an appeal may result in the decision being rescinded and a continuation of the peer-review process. If the appeal is rejected, then the original rejection decision is upheld and no further consideration of that article is possible.

 
 

Submission Checklist

 

Your article

  • Structure – Ensure the submission is structured as requested by the journal, and contains all relevant sections. See ‘Preparation of Manuscripts’ for further details.
  • Title page – All submissions must have a title page stating all of the relevant information.
  • Format – All submissions should follow the journal guidelines for word count, page margins and line numbering. See ‘General’ for further details.
  • Language – Non-native English speakers are encouraged to have their manuscript professionally edited before submission. This is particularly key for revised submissions. Click here for full details of our recommended English Language Editing Services.
  • Reported data – Data accuracy is crucial. Authors are strongly encouraged to double-check all reported data for accuracy and to confirm that all units of measurement are correct and consistent.
  • References – Please see ‘References’ for full details of the journal’s required style.
  • Graphics – All figures and tables should be presented in a clear and informative manner with accompanying legends.
  • Ethical compliance – All articles are required to meet the requirements outlined in our ethical policy. Ensure you have included all relevant ethical approval statements.
  • Permissions – Please ensure that all permissions have been obtained for any tables, figures, or any other item reproduced from previously published content. For more information, see the journal's permissions page.
 

Before submitting

  • Approval – Ensure all authors have seen and approved the final version of the article prior to submission.  All authors must also approve the journal you are submitting to. 
  • Open access – The appropriate open-access licence must be selected on submission. Authors are responsible for ensuring any funder mandates are followed. For further details, please see the open-access policy.
  • Charges – Endocrine Connections is an online-only, open-access publication, and an article publication charge (APC) is payable upon acceptance. Members of the Society for Endocrinology and the European Society for Endocrinology are entitled to a discount on the final APC. Full details are available on our publication charges page.
 

Uploading your submission

  • Author list – All authors must be listed on the title page and entered on the ScholarOne Manuscripts submission in the correct order. Ensure all author email addresses provided are valid. Author information entered into ScholarOne Manuscripts will be used to generate PubMed listings for published papers.
  • Cover letter – This letter should introduce your paper and outline why your work is important and suitable publication at this time.
  • File formats – Ensure all files are in the correct format for revised submissions. See ‘General’ for further instructions.
  • Figures and tables – Ensure all figures and table files are present and correct, and that they display clearly in the PDF proof.
 

User account details

 

ORCID iD

All submitting authors are required to link their ScholarOne account with their ORCID iD. The system will prompt the author to do this when creating the submission.
The journal also requests that all authors identified as ‘corresponding authors’ create and link an ORCID iD with their account on ScholarOne prior to article acceptance. We also encourage contributing authors to associate an ORCID iD with their ScholarOne account. Author ORCID iDs will be displayed on the published article.

 

Author email addresses

The journal requires an institutional email address is associated with the account of both the submitting author and corresponding author; please edit the associated ScholarOne accounts to include this before pressing 'submit'. Alternatively please provide an explanation as to why this is not available to the Editorial Office by contacting ec@bioscientifica.com
This policy has been adopted in order to verify the authenticity of article submissions and protect the integrity of Endocrine Connections.

 

 

Preparation of Manuscripts

 

General

 
Manuscripts should:
  • Be concise and clear.
  • Be limited to 5000 words for Research submissions. For information on other manuscript types please see the relevant section below.
  • Display the word count on the title page.
  • Contain no more than 10 figures and 60 references as recommended by the journal.
  • Use double line spacing throughout (including reference list and figure legends), and contain continuous line numbering down the left side of each page.
  • Define all abbreviations when first mentioned.
  • Be submitted in the correct file type, i.e. main document in an editable Word format.
  • Be written in either UK or US English.
  • Contain a title page.
 
Accepted file types:
  • Please be aware that the combined size of your files should not exceed 40 MB.
  • For article text: txt, doc, docx, rtf. We are unable to accept PDF files for article text for revised manuscripts but can do so for first submissions
  • For figures: eps, tiff, jpg, pdf
Changes within revised manuscripts should be highlighted using the highlighter function or coloured text, and should be accompanied by a full response letter to editor and reviewer comments. 
 
 

Manuscript Categories

 

Research

 
All research submissions should be formatted with the following sections: 
 

1. Title Page

Include a separate title page with:
  • Title (maximum 85 characters)
  • All authors names and full addresses
  • Corresponding author’s postal and email address
  • A short title (maximum 46 characters, including spaces)
  • A minimum of four keywords describing the manuscript 
  • Word count of the full article, excluding references and figure legends
 

2. Abstract

The abstract should be a single paragraph of not more than 250 words, clearly stating the objective of the study, the methods used (where applicable), and summarizing results and conclusions.  Avoid abbreviations and references in this section.
 
 

3. Plain Language Summary (optional)

Endocrine Connections allows authors the option of including a “Plain Language Summary” for their manuscript.
 
The Plain Language Summary, with a maximum of 280 character (roughly 40-70 words), is intended for the general public or for those working outside of the immediate field. The summary will be used for promotional purposes, and will increase the reach of your article through the use of social media sites such as X, LinkedIn, and in our journal newsletters.

If you wish to include a Plain Language Summary, this should be within your main manuscripts document, underneath the Abstract.

As such, it needs to be accessible to all, explaining the general point(s) of the paper, and written without use of jargon; use of abbreviations is also strongly discouraged. The content of the summary must reflect the scientific content of the manuscript, explaining the background and findings, including data, and possibly discussing the importance/consequences of the findings.
 
Plain language summaries are optional for all manuscript types.
 
Here are some additional suggestions on how to write a useful plain language summary:
•    Give some context to the research and details about your findings and/or strategy used.
•    Explain the impact of the work (especially in relation to wider society).
•    Use short sentences and write in plain English (imagine that you are trying to explain your article to a family member who doesn’t work in your subject area e.g. in a bank).

 

4. Introduction

The introduction should set the study in context by briefly reviewing relevant knowledge of the subject; follow this with a concise statement of the objectives of the study.
 

5. Materials and methods

Provide sufficient information for other workers to repeat the study. If well-established methods are used give a reference to the technique and provide full details of any modifications.
  • Include the source of chemicals, reagents and hormones and give the manufacturer’s name and location (town, country) in parentheses.
  • Give the generic name, dose and route of administration for drugs.
  • Specify the composition of buffers, solutions and culture media.
  • Use SI symbols, give concentrations in mol/L and define the term % as w/v or v/v for all solutions. For international units use IU (U should be used for enzyme activity).
  • Specify the type of equipment (microscopes/objective lenses, cameras, detectors) used to obtain images.
  • Specify any image acquisition software used, and give a description of specialized techniques requiring large amounts of processing, such as confocal, deconvolution, 3D reconstructions, or surface and volume rendering.
 

6. Results

The results should read as a narrative leading the reader through the experiments and investigations performed. Referencing and mention of others studies is permitted in the Results section where necessary or helpful.
 
 

7. Discussion 

Should not simply re-state results, but should put them in the broader context and highlight the importance and novelty of the work.
 
 

8. Declaration of interest, Funding and Acknowledgements

 
Declaration of interest
Actual or perceived conflicts of interest for all authors must be declared in full.
 
Please either (a) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported; or (b) fully declare any financial or other potential conflict of interest.
 
Conflicts of interest include, but are not limited to:
  • Employment and consultancies
  • Grants, fees and honoraria
  • Ownership of stock or shares
  • Royalties
  • Patents (pending and actual)
  • Board membership
 
 
Funding
Please detail all of the sources of funding relevant to the research reported in the following format:
This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (grant numbers xxxx, yyyy); the Wellcome Trust (grant number xxxx); and Tommy’s Baby charity (grant number xxxx).
 
Where research has not been funded please state the following:
This research did not receive any specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector.
 
 
Author contribution statement (optional)
Please include a statement specifying the contribution of each co-author.
 
Acknowledgements
Please be as brief as possible.
 
 

9. References

All references cited in the text must be included in the reference list and vice versa. However, if a reference consists of only a web address do not include it in the reference list but cite it in the text, giving the date the page was accessed.
 
 
Unpublished work
Any unpublished work (personal communications, manuscripts in preparation and manuscripts submitted but not yet accepted for publication) must be referred to in the text and not listed in the references.
 
Give the full list of authors, including their initials. For example:
(A Stone, J Brown & M R Smith, unpublished observations)
(J Brown, personal communication)
 
Articles accepted for publication but not yet published may be listed as ‘in press’ in the reference list, using the current year as the publication year. If an ‘in press’ article is included in the Accepted Preprint service or a similar scheme, then the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) should be included; otherwise, provide a copy of the article as a supplementary file for reviewing purposes. 
 
In the text
Cite references in the text in numerical order.
 

In the reference list

List references in the order they are cited in the text.
 
Reference in the following format:
1.         Inkster S, Yue W & Brodie A. Human testicular aromatase: immunocytochemical and biochemical studies. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1995 80 1941–1947.
2.         Matthews CH, Borgato S, Beck-Peccoz P, Adams M, Tone Y, Gambino G, Casagrande S, Tedeschini G, Benedetti A & Chatterjee VK. Primary amenorrhea and infertility due to a mutation in the β-subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone. Nature Genetics 5 83–86.
3.         Royer P. Hormonal regulation of calcium metabolism: biology and pathology. In Pediatric Endocrinology, edn 2, ch. 6, pp 477–543. Eds J-C Job & M Pierson. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981.
 
List all authors in each reference in the reference list; do not use et al. in the reference list.
 
 

10. Tables

Tables should be concise. Tables too large for print publication should be submitted as supplementary data. 
 
Number tables in the order they are cited in the text.
  • Include a title – a single sentence at the head of the table that includes the name of the organism studied
  • Use footnotes to provide any additional explanatory material, cross-referenced to the column entries
  • Give a short heading for each column
  • Do not use internal horizontal or vertical lines, colour or shading
  • Explain all abbreviations used in the table in the footnotes
Please note that the option to print large tables in a final article is subject to editorial approval. If the tables are deemed too large for the final article, you will be asked to publish your tables as supplementary data.
 

11. Figures

The journal has produced digital image guidelines in order to clarify the standards expected by the journal. All submitted digital images must adhere to these guidelines.
 
  • Number figures in the order they are cited in the text
  • Include legends to all figures, giving the figure number, keys to any symbols used, the name of the organism studied, the names of any statistical tests used and the probability levels used for comparisons
  • Label figure sections as A, B etc in the top left-hand corner
  • Use Arial or a similar sans-serif font for text labels
  • Do not enclose figures in boxes. Indicate magnification by a scale bar in the bottom right-hand corner of the image and give the measurement in the legend
  • Use the preferred symbols of closed and open circles, squares and triangles. Ensure that symbols are large enough to be read clearly when the figure is reduced for publication
  • Use Courier or a similar non-proportional font for amino acid, DNA, RNA and PCR primer sequences and highlight sections of homology between sequences with grey shading

Graphical Abstracts
Authors are encouraged to submit a graphical abstract with their manuscript. Graphical abstracts are peer-reviewed images which summarise the contents of the article in a concise, visual format. Graphical abstracts are not required, but are encouraged as they aid understanding and can be a useful device for sharing and promoting your research.
 
A graphical abstract should be submitted as a single file. The image should be original and created by the authors. Use of software such as BioRender is recommended. If using Biorender, tool must be credited in the figure caption. No element or part of the graphical abstract should be modified or adapted from copyrighted work. Do not include additional text within the image file. Do not use unnecessary white space or a heading ‘Graphical Abstract’ within the image file.
 
Image size: The image should be a minimum of 500 x 1300 pixels (height x width) or a square of 1200 pixels at a resolution of 300 dpi.
Font: Please use Arial, Helvetica, or courier in a font size of 8 pt.
Colour: Use of colour is encouraged. Colour figures should be in RGB format.
File Type: TIFF, JPG, EPS or PDF

 

 
File types and resolution
Endocrine Connections is committed to publishing high quality figures.
 
EPS or TIFF files are preferred. Files should be exported in Illustrator compatible format, avoiding PowerPoint or Word files:
  • Line images/graphs: EPS, TIFF, high-resolution PDF, AI (Adobe Illustrator); Resolution at final published size: 1200 dpi
  • Half-tone (greyscale) images: TIFF, high-resolution PDF, JPEG; Resolution at final published size: 600 dpi
  • Colour images: TIFF, high-resolution PDF, JPEG. EPS or AI files can be used for graphical data and illustrations that don’t include photographs; Resolution at final published size: 300 dpi; RGB format
  
Endocrine Connections also accepts the following manuscript types. For full details please see the ‘scope’ page.
 

Reviews

The format of review articles is more fluid but should include the following: 
1. Title page
2. Abstract
3. Plain Language Summary *Optional* (for full requirements see above "Research, Plain Language Summary")
4. Conclusions
5. Declaration of interest, Funding, Author contributions statements (where appropriate)
6. References, 
7. Figure legends
8. Figures/ tables. 
9. Graphical Abstract *Optional* (for full requirements see above "Research, Graphical Abstract")
 
Review submissions should be limited to 6000 words. We recommend a maximum of 60 references for review articles, with 2--6 figures and tables.  Original summary diagrams and illustrations of proposed models (in colour where appropriate) are encouraged. Line drawings may be redrawn. Boxes can be used to separate detailed explanations and background information from the main part of the text.
For further information on what is include in each of these sections, please see the ‘Manuscript Preparation’ section above.
 
 

Guidelines and Guidance

The format of guidelines and Guidance articles depends on the content. Generally these articles are commissioned by the editorial board and undergo peer review.  If you would like to submit an article for consideration please submit a proposal to the editorial office
 
 
Perspectives
 
Perspective articles offer a viewpoint on a specific research area and can include the following elements:
  • Discussion of current body of work and future directions
  • A clear description of the authors' perspective
  • Citations of other researchers' work
  • May communicate original data, personal insights, and opinions
  • These articles undergo peer review, have a maximum word count of 3,000, and are limited to 2 figures or table

 

Editorials

All Editorials must be a maximum 1500 words (including references, legends and tables) and 10 references
 
 

Supplementary Data

 
Supplementary data too large for print publication or exceeding the bounds of the manuscript may be submitted for online publication.
 
Supplementary data files intended for online publication should be submitted online via ScholarOne Manuscripts as ‘Supplemental File for Review’, and referred to as supplementary data in the text:
 
(Supplementary Table 1)
(Supplementary Figures 1 and 2)
 
Supplementary information will be reviewed as part of the manuscript, evaluated for its importance and relevance and, if accepted, will be referenced in the text of the article, directing readers to the website.
 
 

Editorial Policies

 

Human Subjects Research

 

Human subjects

Authors must ensure research involving human subjects complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Authors must include a statement that consent has been obtained from each patient after full explanation of the purpose and nature of all procedures used. For research requiring ethics committee approval, please include a statement to this effect in the manuscript. Also indicate whether patient consent was obtained in line with the below policy. We will be unable to accept research papers without this statement.

Patient consent

Where possible, identifying information, including names, initials, or hospital numbers, should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, or pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) gives written informed consent for publication. Any identifiable patient must be shown the manuscript to be published before being asked to give consent. Authors should disclose to these patients whether any potential identifiable material might be available online or in print after publication. Informed consent should be obtained if there is any doubt that anonymity can be maintained. We no longer publish pictures with black bands across the eyes without a signed consent form, because bands fail to mask someone’s identity effectively.
Authors submitting case reports are required to state that they have obtained informed consent from the patient or the patient's guardian for publication of the submitted article and accompanying images. Authors should obtain written consent from the patient for use of potential identifiable material including photographs.
The patient (or parent or guardian) must give written informed consent for publication by signing our consent form. Signed consent forms should then be retained in the patient's clinical notes for future reference, and a copy should be made available for review by the Editor on request.
The manuscript reporting this patient's details should state that 'Written informed consent for publication of their clinical details and/or clinical images was obtained from the patient/parent/guardian/ relative of the patient'.
If the patient is deceased the authors should seek permission from a relative and include a statement to this fact. If neither the patient or a relative can be traced, we can only publish if we are satisfied the information has been sufficiently anonymised, making it impossible to identify the patient with any certainty.
Permission is not required to publish the 'recordings' listed below, provided that, the recordings are effectively anonymised by the removal of any identifying marks, and patient details (i.e. patient name, date of birth, name of hospital) from images before submission:
  • Images taken from pathology slides;
  • X-rays;
  • Laparoscopic images;
  • Images of internal organs; and
  • Ultrasound images
When such an image is accompanied by text that could reveal the patient's identity through clinical or personal detail, however, a signed consent form and declaration as listed above, will be required before publication.

Clinical trials

 
Papers reporting clinical trials will only be considered if the trials have been pre-registered according to the guidelines set out in The Lancet 364 (9438) 911--912.
 
Authors should also refer to the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and in particular the checklist within it, when preparing manuscripts detailing clinical trials.
Authors must state the clinical trial registration number within their article.
 

Human genotype–phenotype association studies

 
Until recently almost all genotype–phenotype observations were done using candidate gene approaches. The sequencing of the human genome and the comprehensive mapping of haplotypes of human SNPs have revolutionized gene association studies, which can now be conducted through genome-wide approaches. Unfortunately, many of the reported genotype–phenotype associations are questionable, and have not been replicated. Endocrine Connections recognizes that genotype–phenotype association studies, performed by either genome-wide or candidate gene approaches, are of potential interest as a first step in the discovery process, although subsequent validation will be needed to confirm or refute the observation. However, these initial association reports must be methodologically sound. To ensure this the Journal has adopted the recommendations made by the NCI-NHGRI Working Group on Replication in Association Studies (Nature 447 (7145) 655-660), and authors should adhere to these criteria as listed below.
 
These criteria are intended for studies of genotype–phenotype associations assessed by genome-wide or candidate-gene approaches:
 
  • Statistical analyses demonstrating the level of statistical significance of a finding should be published or at least available so that others can attempt to reproduce the reported results.
  • Explicit information should be provided about the study’s power to detect a range of effects.
  • The study should be epidemiologically sound, with careful accounting for potential biases in selection of subjects, characterization of phenotypes, comparability of environmental exposures (when possible) and underlying population structure in cases and controls.
  • Phenotypes should be assessed according to standard definitions provided in the report.
  • Associations should be consistent (within the range of expected statistical fluctuation) and reported for the same phenotypes across study subgroups or across similar phenotypes in the entire study group.
  • Significance should not depend on altering the quality control methods beyond standard approaches that could change inclusion or exclusion of large numbers of samples or loci.
  • Measures to assess the quality of genotype data should include results of known study sample duplicates or publicly available samples.
  • The results for concordance between duplicate samples (if applicable) as well as completion and call rates per SNP and per subject should be disclosed, along with rates of missing data.
  • A subset of notable SNPs should be evaluated with a second technology that verifies the same result with excellent concordance, because no technology is error-free.
  • Associations with nearby SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with the putatively associated SNP should be reported (and should be similar).
  • The results of replication studies of previous findings should be reported even if the results are not significant.
  • Testing for differences in underlying population structure in case and control groups should be performed and reported.
  • Appropriate correction for multiple comparisons across all statistical tests examined should be reported. Comparison to genome-wide thresholds should be described. Similarly, for bayesian approaches, the choice of prior probabilities should be described.
 
 

Animal studies

 
Experiments with animals must be performed in accordance with international, national and institutional requirements. Include a statement that investigations have been approved by the local ethical committee, along with the following:
  • Give the full binomial Latin names for all experimental animals other than common laboratory animals
  • State the breed or strain and source of animals, and give details of age, weight, sex and housing
  • Detail the procedures and anaesthetics used, including doses given
 
Articles will only be considered if the procedures used are clearly described and conformed with the international and national legal and ethical requirements, as well as the requirements outlined by the institution in which the work took place. A statement identifying the committee approving the study must also be included in the Methods section. 
Authors are encouraged to refer to the ARRIVE guidelines, and in particular the checklist within them, when preparing manuscripts detailing animal experiments.
Editors reserve the right to request further information on the exact procedures and ethical approval obtained as part of the review process. Papers may be rejected on ethical grounds should the editors feel the study does not adequately meet current international guidelines for humane research.

Experiments with genetically engineered mice

In inbred mice, genetic strain effects can have significant effects on phenotype. Because of this the following controls for experiments with genetically-manipulated mice should be used: parental inbred strain, or wild-type littermates.
 
 

Cell lines

In general, studies that are based on observations performed in a single cell line will not be considered for publication if other lines of the same general lineage and characteristics are available. If at all possible, observations should be replicated in multiple cell lines.
 

Authentication of cell lines

 
We require that all cell lines are authenticated for correct origin. Specifically, the author should include the following information supporting the authentication of lines:
 
  1. Source of cell lines. Gifts of cell lines from individuals will not be acceptable
  2. Please state what the method of authentication is. For example, ATCC uses STRS analysis
  3. State the passage number(s) of cell lines used for the experiments described in the submission. Unless the research is specifically about senescence, lines >35 passages would not be acceptable
 
 

Genetic association case/control studies

The Society for Endocrinology has produced guidelines for genetic association case/control studies in order to ensure they are methodologically sound and readers can fully assess their significance.
 
All Society for Endocrinology journals require data from such studies to be deposited in public databases (eg MIAME or GEO) or the manuscript will not be published. Endocrine Connections supports the public dissemination of gene expression data.
 
 

Gene and protein nomenclature

Wherever possible, manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with approved gene nomenclature. 
  • In gene and protein symbols, substitute Greek letters with the corresponding roman letter, eg TGFBR2 not TGFβR2
  • Avoid hyphens unless they are part of the approved symbol, eg IGF1 not IGF-1
  • Use arabic rather than roman numerals, eg BMPR2 not BMPRII
Follow species-specific formatting standards as follows:

Mice and rats

  • Gene symbols should be in italics with only the first letter capitalised, eg Sox2.
  • Protein designations should be the same as the gene symbols except that all letters should be capitalised and in roman (ie not italicised), eg SOX2.
  • Please use symbols approved by the International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice and the Rat Genome and Nomenclature Committee, which can be queried at the MGI website.
 

Humans, non-human primates and domestic species

  • Gene symbols should be in italics with all letters capitalised, eg SOX2.
  • Protein designations should be the same as the gene symbols but not italicised, eg SOX2.
  • Please use symbols approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC).
 

Fish

  • Gene symbols should be in italics with all letters in lower case, eg sox2.
  • Protein designations should be the same as the gene symbols but not italicised and with the first letter capitalised, eg Sox2.
  • Please use symbols approved by the Zebrafish Nomenclature Committee (ZNC), which can be queried at the ZFIN website.
 
 

Digital image integrity 

 
Recognizing that the inappropriate use of computer software for digital image analysis and processing can raise concerns, the journal has produced the following requirements for the representation of research data: 
 
No specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced.
Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or colour balance are acceptable if and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original.  Any such adjustments should be applied to the entire image.
Threshold manipulation, expansion or contraction of signal ranges and the altering of high signals should be avoided.
  • The legend to a digital image should state if and what digital modifications were applied
 
The following guidelines apply to digital images that that result from gel electrophoresis and blotting procedures:
  • Band intensity should be quantified from several independent experiments. If only a "typical" experiment is shown in the figure, authors should be prepared to provide unprocessed images of gels or blots at the request of the Editor-in-Chief.
  • Extensively cropped images are not acceptable. Images can be cropped to enhance clarity of presentation, but should always contain at least two markers (one with a smaller, one with a larger molecular size than the band of interest) with their molecular sizes indicated.
  • Producing spliced images by combining lanes from gels or blots from different experimental runs should be avoided. A lane containing markers should be on the same gel for each run. If spliced images are presented, the vertical lanes obtained from gels or blots from different experimental runs should be clearly demarcated with lines.
  • As the validity of immunoblots relies heavily on antibody specificity, an appropriate control (tissue from knockout mice or protein knockdown in cell lines) must be included, or alternatively a reference should be given in the methods section referring to such a control (Saper 2009; Burry 2011).
  • The reuse of images of loading controls from other experiments or previous publications is unacceptable.
 

References

Burry RW 2011 Controls for immunocytochemistry: An update. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 59 6–12. (doi:10.1369/jhc.2010.956920) 
Saper CB 2009 A guide to the perplexed on the specificity of antibodies. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 57 1–5. (doi:10.1369/jhc.2008.952770) 
 

Microscopy

Microscope images should be made available to referees in images that are at least 300 dpi at the size which they will be published. 'Pseudo-colouring' and nonlinear adjustment (for example 'gamma changes') are only allowed if unavoidable and must be disclosed.
 
 
 

Statistical analysis

 
It is the author’s responsibility to document that the results are reproducible and that the differences found are not due to random variation. No absolute rules can be applied but, in general, quantitative data should be from no fewer than three replicate experiments. Appropriate statistical methods should be used to test the significance of differences in results. The term ‘significant’ should not be used unless statistical analysis was performed, and the probability value used to identify significance (e.g. P < 0.05) should be specified.
 
When several t-tests are employed, authors should be aware that nominal probability levels no longer apply. Accordingly, the multiple t-test, multiple range test, or similar techniques to permit simultaneous comparisons should be employed. Also, in lieu of using several t-tests, it is often more appropriate to utilize an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to permit pooling of data, increase the number of degrees of freedom, and improve reliability of results. Authors should use appropriate nonparametric tests when the data depart substantially from a normal distribution.
 
In presenting results of linear regression analyses, it is desirable to show 95% confidence limits.
 
When data points are fitted with lines, specify the method used for fitting (graphical, least squares, computer program). If differences in slopes and/or axis intercepts are claimed for plotted lines, these should be supported by statistical analysis.
Give sufficient details of the experimental design and analysis so that the reader can assess their adequacy and validity for testing the hypotheses of interest.
In particular:
  • Describe the numbers of experimental units used and the way in which they have been allocated to treatments.
  • Justify the omission of any observations from the analysis.
  • Describe methods of analysis precisely and state any necessary assumptions, as these may affect the conclusions that can be drawn from the experiment.
Your article may be sent to the Statistical Advisor for comments.
 

Preprint and data repositories

 

Preprint repositories

A preprint is a version of the article prior to submission to the journal for peer review, and has not been copyedited or typeset.
Bioscientifica allows deposition of preprints to recognized repositories, such as bioRxiv, provided that Bioscientifica is informed of this at the time of submission and it does not infringe any subsequent copyright or licence agreement.
Upon final publication, authors are required to add a link from the preprint to the published article (version of record).

Depositing data in public databases

Authors are strongly encouraged to deposit data sets in appropriate public databases. Authors should include the relevant database identifiers and accession numbers for deposited sequences within the manuscript using the following format: Database: xxxx, e.g: GEO: GSE6364. Authors are also required to provide the URL for the sequence(s). 
Below is a list of public databases:
This list is not exhaustive. Please contact the editorial office if you have a query about relevant databases.
 
 

Licence and Copyright policy

During the submission process the submitting author will need to complete a publication agreement on behalf of the co-authors and the copyright holder for the article. As part of this agreement, the copyright holder will grant the Society for Endocrinology, the European Society of Endocrinology and Bioscientifica a non-exclusive licence to publish the article. The copyright is retained by the original copyright holder and is not assigned to the Society for Endocrinology, European Society of Endocrinology or Bioscientifica.

Authors may download a copy of this agreement in advance.

 
 

Society for Endocrinology Journal Awards

The Society for Endocrinology awards a prize for the best paper published in Endocrine Connections annually. All published papers will automatically be considered for the prize. Further details can be found here.
 

Privacy policy

Endocrine Connections's privacy policy.